Livestock Development Benefits
Livestock and farm animals except for poultry in Western countries contain goats, cows, pigs, donkeys, camels, horses, and sheep, and in other agricultural areas, there are other animals such as bulls, camels, buffaloes, llamas.
Cattle have risen to more than 1/9 of vertebrate biomass in the 21st century and throughout the world cattle of the genus, Boss is the largest livestock group and the most important products that are produced from the beef of the Angus, Hereford, and Shorthorn breeds.
The main dairy products are produced from the Holstein, Ayrshire, Guernsey, Jersey, Brown, Swiss, and Friesian cattle breeds, and the livestock obtain their food first from pastures through grazing.
But recently in agriculture, the cattle diet is supplemented by animal feed that is prepared, and cattle are used to pull things on small farms and in areas where growth is little.
Sheep Since the millennium BC, we have known about 200 breeds of sheep. They are related to goats and are bred to obtain wool and meat, and a few are bred for milk.
Including livestock and sheep are grazing in order to obtain food from eating coarse grasses and soft and short grasses, and goats are raised for meat, milk, leather, wool, and by-products. Breeds of goats are divided into three basic groups. The Okhzi breeds such as the Swiss and the eastern breeds such as the Nubian and the wool breeds such as the Cashmere Angora The goats' food is alfalfa, pasture grass, hay, and forage made from grain.
The mother of horse breeding is Equus caballus, which was first bred in large quantities in Central Asia, and not only as livestock, but was used in riding, racing, and display. Horses are classified according to the place of origin into many breeds such as Clydesdale and Arabian.
It is classified according to its use, such as traction and riding, and according to the external appearance, heavy, horse, and light. Horses' food is pasture, grass, hay, fodder, and grain, especially oats.
Livestock development methods
Among the ways to develop livestock:
the health
Diseases that affect livestock cause a great loss to the livestock sector, and despite the high death rates for livestock, these diseases have an impact on the growth rate, fertility, and production.
Examples of these diseases are smallpox, pneumonia, rinderpest, bovine tuberculosis, anthrax, and other diseases. There are many programs to prevent and confront these diseases.
Among these programs is securing treatment for these diseases and providing it for all diseases and vaccination against these infectious and prevalent diseases. When sick animals appear, quarantine must be applied to them in order to limit the spread of the disease among all animals.
nutrition
Providing food for livestock has an important role for all animals, whether they are developing animals, newly born or reproductive animals, and the diet of livestock should be.
From the scientific side, it contains appropriate amounts of fatty acids, amino acids, vitamins, carbohydrates, and minerals, while providing supplements as alternatives to compensate for the deficiency that occurs in the diets of animals such as young lambs and milk for calves.
Some nutritional supplements such as glutamine, arginine, zinc and conjugated linic acid can be added to the diet, in order to achieve certain purposes such as improving fertility, improving pregnancy outcomes, enhancing meat quality, preserving life of newborns, and increasing immunity.
In order for the animal food program to achieve success at the level of economy and productivity, the food program must be balanced between vitamins, proteins, necessary minerals, energy, and water.
This is vital in the animal nutrition program because the consumption of water is of great importance than the consumption of food because the animals' failure to take the appropriate quantities of drinking water every day caused an increase in financial loss.
Because it works to reduce production, therefore, sufficient quantities of water must be provided, and the water is drinkable in order to help in the development of livestock, lack of attention to nutrition is one of the reasons for the lack of livestock in my country.
genetic improvement
Effective ways to exploit genetic diversity and differences have an important role in the genetic improvement of livestock, in order to obtain strains that have the ability to produce and adapt to different environments and to promote reproduction by purifying embryos, freezing and cultivating embryos, and performing some operations that collect the nucleus in order to get the best The index finger and other modern methods.
types of livestock farming
Types of livestock according to livestock production processes in the Kingdom:
Intensive farming for livestock: It is the breeding in which animals are placed in a place with suitable temperatures, and fodder is provided for them, and health care so that the production of animals is fast and healthy. In this type, breeds are chosen for several different types of production, and this species needs an increase in capital and An increase in employment.
Semi-intensive livestock farming: It is a farm where animals are placed and food is provided to them, but animals are allowed to transport or graze on the farm to carry out research, but this is in a closed area on the farm.
Expanded livestock farming: This type of livestock is raised in large areas of land, such as mountains, pastures, or meadows so that the animals can graze and benefit from all the natural resources that exist in these different areas. This type is used with animals that can adapt to what is imposed on them. This species helps in maintaining the ecosystem.
Bedouin livestock breeding: This type enjoys grazing animals such as livestock that are on large areas of the land, and they have a natural diet. This type is the trap of transporting animals to different areas of land, in order to have different resources and access to food. This type is known as semi-nomadic or nomadic and after This type is a good example for peoples in arid regions because it is difficult for them to farm, including some areas in Asia and Africa.
Mobile livestock breeding: In this type, animals are moved to fields with food, but this type depends on the general season, and this type is very important because it increases soil fertility with the help of livestock manure, which contains chemical nutrients beneficial to the soil and plant growth, and in this type is considered Animal food is mixed vegetables and herbs that help in the dispersal of seeds, and currently the use of the mobile livestock farm is less, but it is used in different regions in Africa.
Organic livestock breeding: This type is used to produce livestock in order to obtain high-quality food without the need to use synthetic chemicals such as chemical fertilizers and pesticides. Animals need large areas and their food is natural products.
The importance of livestock
Livestock raising is a vital activity to improve human development and occupies a constantly important place among the main activities of the global economy.
- Livestock helps in the production of many food products of high quality such as milk, eggs, meat, cheese, etc.
- Livestock activity is directly or indirectly beneficial to other local economic sectors, including handicrafts, food industries, hospitality, and tourism.
- Livestock is a human productive economic activity that is considered permanent.
- Livestock provides job opportunities for many and is a source of income for them.
- Livestock is a hobby for some people.
- Contribute to obtaining a profit from the foreign exchange by exporting products that are produced from livestock, and this increases the value of the local currency.
- Large animals such as horses, donkeys, and cattle are used in special agricultural operations such as cultivating and plowing.
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