Is losing weight quickly your goal? And you are tired of slimming diets that last days, months, or even years? Good news: take notes to know the good tips to lose weight quickly, quickly, and sustainably!

How to lose weight in a week? How to lose weight fast in a month? If you want to follow a fast diet to lose weight fast and well, better be informed.

How to really lose weight?

How to lose weight fast? Just follow the right slimming tips.

The first tip to lose weight fast? Drink plenty of water. "Hydration is essential for weight loss," advises Camille Gravouil, a nutritionist in La Rochelle.

So forget about fruit juices, syrups, and other sodas. These contain on average a hundred calories per glass... Without realizing it, one can easily gain weight or make water retention if one abuses these sugary drinks; while by drinking a lot of water (pure and flat), one eliminates the excess water. "And we simply stop adding sugar to our hot drinks, such as coffee or tea," adds the expert.

In addition, drinking two large glasses of water before lunch or dinner is an excellent slimming tip. This helps you feel full and avoid the urge to eat too much!

But be careful: before starting a diet, always consult a doctor or a nutritionist.

Another essential: is a balanced and varied diet on a daily basis. Don't hesitate to eat green vegetables, which are perfect if you want to lose weight quickly. Also opt for fat-burning foods such as green tea, lemon, apple, and pineapple. These powerful antioxidants help to eliminate excess weight. 

How to lose 10 kilos in a short time?

As seen previously, to lose weight quickly, you must follow the basic rules. But not only. By following the following tips, you will lose several pounds, without even realizing it.

First, try to eat smaller amounts than usual. "To lose weight, it is important to reduce the quantities of meals. Snacks - with fruit, for example - can then be interesting to avoid cravings," advises the nutritionist. 

In addition, to lose weight effectively, avoid foods that are too high in calories, such as cold cuts, fried foods, and cheese, as well as ready-made meals that are often far too salty!

Also, try to eat in a calm environment. Sit down at the table and leave your phone, TV, or laptop aside. It's a proven fact: we eat much larger quantities when we are distracted.

Also, take the time to chew your food well. We're always told to chew our food before we swallow it. That way, your stomach will have time to feel full and you will be satisfied more quickly.

Finally, brush your teeth right after eating. It's psychological: when you brush your teeth after a meal, you're usually less tempted to indulge! A simple but effective tip for losing weight after all!

Grandma's tricks to lose weight quickly

There are some very simple tips to lose weight quickly and naturally. 

The first one? Drink a large glass of water every morning with half a lemon juice. Indeed, thanks to the fiber and pectin it contains, this citrus fruit facilitates the elimination of fats and sugars. It is therefore perfect for rapid weight loss.

Second tip? Use flaxseed. Rich in omega-3 fatty acids and antioxidants, these tiny seeds help burn calories. Flaxseeds are also very effective in quickly increasing the feeling of satiety. They limit the desire to snack. 

The third (and last) tip? Add pepper to your meals! Indeed, pepper helps to avoid fat storage. How does it do this? Thanks to its active ingredient: piperine. Moreover, this famous spice will bring a lot of taste to your dishes!

Lose weight quickly: with or without sport?

Losing weight quickly without sport is very complicated... Even impossible. Regular physical activity is, in fact, essential for good health and for losing weight! For example, running, jumping rope and swimming are very effective activities for losing weight quickly and permanently.

However, if you are not a big fan of sports, you can opt for brisk walking. This activity works all the muscles of the body gently! This way, you avoid the shocks of running, which can be difficult for your joints! And if you want more ideas, discover our special file on the subject. It will help you choose a sport to lose weight. 

Many thanks to Camille Gravouil, a nutritionist in La Rochelle, for her precious advice

 The education and teaching sector has undergone a real revolution thanks to digital technology. It has now promoted the creation of several platforms or other means of communication in different schools.
In the Lille Academy, SOGO AC Lille has been set up to facilitate certain procedures for students. This post tells you more about this masterpiece.

How to connect to the account?

SOGO AC Lille is an intranet whose access is free to people to whom it is created. To access its features, you must create an account. To do so, go to the website dedicated to it: it is webmail.ac-lille.fr. Once on the interface, provide your login and password correctly, then launch to confirm your registration.

After this step, you now have the possibility to explain the SOGO AC Lille from your smartphone if you want. To do this, you must first go to one of the most reliable download sites to download the application related to this service. Install it and fill in the details that will be provided to you by email in order to benefit from the SOGO AC Lille offer.

In case you have difficulties connecting, it could be because of a wrongly written password or an incorrect login. To correct the situation, go to interfaces and then follow the instructions it gives you.

You will have to fill in the information related to your identity and write your Numen in all capital letters. After sending, a link will be sent to you that will be used to connect you. If you are still not satisfied, please go to the secretary's office for satisfaction.

Who can access the account?

The SOGO AC Lille service is specifically designed for the various members present in the Lille academy. This means that faculty, staff, and students are all entitled to use this service.

For that, some technical provisions are taken into account in order to prevent its use by an intruder. This includes the annual modification of the identifiers of each body of the academy.

What are the features of the account?

The functionalities of the SOGO AC Lille are not the least. Very interesting, this webmail in addition to the access to the mailbox, allows you to follow a training or to strengthen you by working live if you are a student.

You can also receive emails from the administration for important information, or manage your inbox by getting rid of unwanted messages. There are other features available to Academy members only.

What are the advantages of the account?

The advantages of the SOGO AC Lille account are several. First of all, it is a channel for communication between the different bodies of the academy. This promotes understanding at each level of the channel.

In addition, this innovative asset keeps pleasing the companies who consider it a convenient broadcasting channel. Nevertheless, modifications continue to be made to the webmail to make it even more effective than it is.

The security and reliability of SOGO AC Lille

Using SOGO AC Lille is not exposed to any risk of leakage or any other insecurity situation. You are the only one to know what happens on your account unless you share your details with others.

The information contained is very reliable and so are the login procedures. If you encounter any difficulties, it would be either for a wrong login or a wrong password. The technical assistance of the secretariat is a reliable way to solve this type of problem.

In short, SOGO AC Lille is webmail that serves as a communication platform between the different bodies of the Lille academy. Very practical, the connection procedure is less difficult and the advantages of the service are interesting. The secretariat is nevertheless open to assisting you in case of technical problems.

 During the summer season, ice cream reigns supreme in the 'frozen' section of supermarkets. Difficult to navigate among the dozens of bins available. Follow the guide to help you make your choice.

Ice cream: fat or fruit

Distinguish between ice cream - rich in at least 5% animal fat - and ice cream, which can be vegetable, a mixture of water, sugar, and fruit. Favour the more flavoured "full-fruit" sorbets (which contain at least 45% fruit, reduced to 15/20% if they are acidic and 5% for those with nuts).

Not too much air

Under the pretext of a fast balling, the industrialists sell us the wind! However, the more air they add to their recipe, the less taste, there is and the more we pay for the vacuum. Compare the price per kilo and look for a minimum density of 450 g per liter.

Ice cream in tubs: no to additives!

Avoid "pastry" style ice creams such as crème brûlée, cookies... The more ingredients, there are (chocolate chips, toppings...), the more processed it is and the more likely it is to contain additives. Prefer simple flavors such as vanilla, strawberry, chocolate, pistachio... Also, beware of emulsifiers such as mono and diglycerides of fatty acids contained in palm oil: they promote intestinal inflammation.

Long live short compositions

Prefer milk and cream to lactose or milk protein. Trust "extracts of..." or "natural flavouring of..." from the product indicated, unlike "natural flavouring", which will certainly be natural but not necessarily from the desired product, or just "flavouring", often chemical.

No glucose fructose

To reduce production costs, the industrialists will exchange the sacrosanct sugar for glucose-fructose syrup. Present in sodas, candies, or even cookies, this ingredient, with a strong sweetening power, is suspected of promoting obesity or diabetes. Not to mention the calories it contains.

Ice cream: beware of product recalls

If you store several pots of ice cream in your freezer, be careful! Dairy products, and more particularly ice cream, are often subject to recall procedures. The reason? They may contain traces of ethylene oxide (ETO), higher than those allowed by European legislation. Last week, a jar of vanilla ice cream from Häagen-Dazs was recalled. So it's best to check the Rappel.conso.gouv.fr platform, which lists all the recall procedures, before taking your old tub out of the freezer!

 Even with your feet in the warm, fine sand, you think about your figure. Well, the beach is the ideal place to lose weight. On vacation, you have more time and you are in a better mood, so take advantage of it to combine fitness and pleasure!

Are you trying to get rid of your little complexes? Take advantage of the summer to work out while having fun on the beach. Whether you're looking to shape your buttocks, slim your thighs, or even get rid of those little extra pounds... There are a lot of activities to do in the water or on the sand that can help you get the figure of your dreams. All of this, of course, is combined with a balanced diet.

1. Stand-up paddle to slim your thighs

Slimming down this part of the body can sometimes be a real challenge. So to give yourself the best chance of success, adopt the latest sport: stand-up paddle. This discipline is practiced standing on a board, accompanied by a paddle in order to advance on the water. Even if it is very complete, this activity particularly solicits the muscles of the lower body. The thighs work really actively so that you can stand up without falling. The result is that the whole body is toned and the thighs are slimmer as the sessions progress. 

2. Surfing for a more toned body

It is ideal for women who want to have a more dynamic figure. Thanks to it, you can tone up all parts of your body: firm thighs, toned chest, flat stomach... It's a great way to show off your body at the beach. 

3. Frisbee for fat loss

To tap into your fat reserves, you need to practice an endurance activity. On the beach, Frisbee is the ideal activity! While you play with your friends or family, you work on your figure without seeing or knowing it.

4. The pedal boat for abs in concrete

If your friends or kids ask you to go pedal boating this summer .... Don't think twice about it because this activity has many benefits for the body. In addition to working your lower body muscles, it also forces you to contract your abdominal muscles. Good news for those who dream of having Cameron Diaz's beautiful toned stomach.

5. Canoeing to stabilize your weight

If you don't want ice cream and other doughnuts to have an impact on your figure, you need to compensate by practicing a sporting activity. Canoeing is very good for those who want to keep their figure and stabilize their weight. You should know that 1 hour of practice will allow you to eliminate no less than 415 calories or 100g of plain doughnut. In addition, it works your arms, shoulders, abs, and back. 

6. Snowshoes for shapely buttocks

Who hasn't played good old-fashioned beach rackets on the sand? Well, you should know that all these games are real slimming allies because they allow you to lose calories while having fun. The legs and more particularly the buttocks are extremely solicited here, thanks to the repeated movements of bending and stretching.

7. Walking to lose excess weight

A great way to maintain your figure at the beach? Walking on the sand! At 30 minutes a day, you'll start to see results. You'll burn calories faster if you walk on dry sand because the effort is more intense. Nevertheless, to hope to lose the little pounds that are ruining your life, you must combine this activity with a balanced diet. The goal is to consume fewer calories than you burn.

8. The kite to firm up your arms

To put an end to your stiff arms, think of the kite. You'll be able to exercise without thinking about it and at the same time spend some quality time with your little one, who will love it. 

9. Water walking to eliminate cellulite

What better way to get rid of cellulite than to walk in the water. When you're up to your waist in water, all you have to do is move forward energetically to create a draining effect that will act on your legs, buttocks, and thighs. Ladies who suffer from heavy legs, this exercise is also for you!

10. Beach volleyball for a strong back

No, no, back training is not only reserved for high-level athletes. It is for everyone who wants to avoid muscular pain or simply maintain the back muscles. If you are in this case, do not hesitate to practice beach volleyball which excels for this type of mission. 

 Authentic landscapes, paradisiacal islands, historical monuments... So many jewels to discover in Greece. Whatever the type of boat, liner, yacht, or sailboat, there is nothing better than a cruise to discover the thousand and one wonders of Greece and its dream islands, especially the Cyclades, during a single trip. 

Every day the cruise ship drops anchor in a new port or island without you having to pack or unpack. Moreover, everything has been designed to offer you the most extraordinary trip on board the Cyclades cruise ship, allowing you to fully enjoy the beauty of Greece. What more could you ask for? How to cruise in the Cyclades and which islands to visit? Zoom on the subject.

The cruise to discover the jewels of Greece: the Cyclades

This archipelago of Greece, composed of 250 islands, of which only 24 are populated, offers breathtaking landscapes, some as spectacular as others. No wonder the Cyclades attract hundreds of thousands of tourists all year round, inviting them to contemplate the sea in all its splendor from 3 flagship destinations, Mykonos, Santorini, and Milos, but not only!

With an indigo blue sea, immaculate white buildings with azure blue roofs, churches of unequalled beauty, and a mild climate... These Greek islands are a destination of choice, whether you are a fan of trendy evenings, cultural discoveries, or long days of sunbathing on the beaches. Whether you're a family, a couple, a solo traveler, or a group of friends, a cruise in Greece is sure to amaze you. There is something for everyone! Moreover, it is also a great opportunity to discover Greek mythology and some of its heroes such as Ulysses who have a particular link with the ocean.

How to organize a cruise in the Cyclades?

Cruises are the best alternatives to travel around Greece and the Cyclades. To do this, simply book your ticket online on the official page of the cruise company. Also, browse through some websites to see the different cruise offers in Greece or on the Greek islands.

Being a determining element in the organization of your cruise in the Cyclades, know that there is a cruise for all budgets! The price depends mainly on the length of the cruise, the boarding house, and the islands that will be docked during the cruise. Also, as far as food is concerned, there are several dining options on board, some restaurants are included in the price of the cruise in the Cyclades, while others are not!

On which islands to stop during a cruise in the Cyclades?

Obviously, it is not possible to discover all the islands of the Cyclades in one trip. However, the cruise ship will allow you to enjoy the beauty of each island during each stopover. Here are the must-sees:

Athens

Many cruises make a stop in Athens before setting sail for the Cyclades. Indeed, they drop anchor in the port of Piraeus. Each cruise ship develops its own circuit. Anyway, here are the places not to be missed during your trip to Athens:

• The historical district of Plaka
• The Acropolis and the Parthenon of Athens
• The Temple of Olympia

The island of Mykonos

If there is one island in the Cyclades that attracts hundreds of visitors, it is the island of Mykonos. Let's say that it is the island of Ibiza in Greece. Yes, the island of Mykonos is very famous for its wild and lush parties. However, this cruise in the Cyclades is not limited to this festive atmosphere! You will find on the island of Mykonos green areas and sandy beaches where you can sunbathe in peace, or admire a beautiful sunset.

Santorini, the mythical island of the Cyclades

To go to Santorini, there is nothing better than a cruise in Greece. Offering panoramic landscapes worthy of a postcard, the island of Santorini is considered to be the pearl of the Cyclades. Its small white houses with blue roofs, beautifully perched above the hypnotic blue sea, will simply dazzle you. The island of Santorini invites you to discover :

• Its volcanic cliffs
• Its archaeological site of Akrotiri
• Its village Oia

The island of Milos

After a short stopover in Mykonos, then on the island of Santorini, head for Milos. Of volcanic origin, this Greek island offers geological views that you will not find anywhere else in the world. Its fishing villages, its beaches with translucent waters, and its caves give it a charm that seduces all the visitors who go there. Here are some tracks to discover the jewels of this island:

• The cliffs of Kleftiko
• The natural site of Sarakiniko
• The ancient Christian catacombs
• The old mines

 Also called ovarian dystrophy, polycystic ovary syndrome affects between 5 and 10% of women. The leading cause of infertility in France, PCOS is linked to hormonal dysfunction.

Contrary to what its name might suggest, polycystic ovary syndrome is not characterized by the presence of multiple cysts in the ovaries. To understand this error, we must go back in time, more precisely to 1935, the year in which the syndrome was first described by doctors Irving Freiler Stein and Michael Leventhal. The disease is still sometimes called Stein-Leventhal syndrome. This publication (Stein I, Leventhal M, Amenorrhea associated with bilateral polycystic ovaries, Am J Obstet Gynecology) is the first report describing a series of patients, not isolated cases, with polycystic ovaries, hirsutism, and amenorrhea (absence of menses). It was a landmark in the history of medicine, but Stein and Leventhal had mistaken the numerous follicles present in the ovaries of these patients for cysts. Although the term is incorrect, it is still used.

1. What is PCOS? Definition

Ovarian dystrophy is a chronic syndrome related to hormonal dysfunction of cerebral and/or ovarian origin. This dysfunction leads to the abnormally high secretion of androgens by the ovaries. Secreted by the adrenal glands, androgens are so-called male hormones, since they participate in the development of male physical characteristics. But they are also secreted by the ovaries.

In the case of PCOS, this secretion is excessive, resulting in the production of testosterone. This disrupts the normal functioning of the ovaries and therefore ovulation. The ovaries, on the other hand, are perfectly normal, as are the eggs. In the absence of any other pathology, of course. But this hormonal imbalance complicates their functioning. PCOS can occur as early as adolescence or later in life without any real explanation.

2. Symptoms of Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome

Symptoms of ovarian dystrophy differ markedly from woman to woman. Some patients may be completely asymptomatic, while others have severe and varied symptoms. Ovarian dystrophy can be particularly debilitating for these women whose symptoms are not always limited to the gynecological sphere.

Symptoms related to the menstrual cycle

Women who suffer from PCOS have ovulation problems, which may be rare (called days ovulation) or even absent (anovulation), due to the inability of the follicles to mature. Cycles are irregular, sometimes very long, and often anarchic with amenorrhea that can last several months. Because of this disturbance of the menstrual cycle, SPOK causes infertility in almost half of the women who suffer from it.

The consequences of hyperandrogenism

The excess of male hormones, in particular testosterone, obviously has an impact on women's bodies and can cause numerous symptoms. In particular, excessive hair growth (hirsutism) can be observed both on the body and on the face. This hormonal imbalance can also cause acne on the face, back, and chest. It should be noted that the symptoms related to hyperandrogenism are increased by obesity. But PCOS itself can cause significant weight changes.

Metabolic disorders

Ovarian dystrophy can also be manifested by metabolic disorders. These women are more likely to be overweight and to suffer from hypertension. Polycystic ovary syndrome also predisposes to insulin resistance, for example. Because of their body's difficulty in managing carbohydrates, these women may have pre-diabetes or diabetes.

Skin symptoms

Acne is not the only dermatological symptom of SPOK. The insulin resistance we mentioned can cause a condition called acanthosis nigricans. This dermatosis causes the skin to become thicker and darker in certain areas of the body: the armpits, the back of the neck, and the skin folds. In dark-skinned individuals, the skin may take on a parchment-like appearance. This hyperinsulinemia can also cause acrochordons, which are tiny growths that are most often found in the armpits and neck.

Other symptoms related to ovarian dystrophy

PCOS can also cause many other symptoms. Although it is important to remember that not all of these symptoms are present in all women who are actually diagnosed. For example, some women may experience migraines, insomnia, hair loss, decreased libido, vaginal dryness, sleep apnea, anxiety, depressive symptoms.

3. Causes of PCOS

The causes of ovarian dystrophy are not clearly identified and remain poorly understood. Genetic mutations could be at the origin of the disease; about twenty genes have been identified but they are present in only 10% of PCOS cases. Family history is often found, and it is estimated that between 60 and 70% of daughters born to mothers with PCOS develop symptoms, although the transmission mechanism is unknown.

Environmental causes, including exposure to endocrine disruptors, are also suspected, but no definitive evidence exists today.

4. PCOS: How is the diagnosis made?

The symptoms we have listed can have other causes, so it is important to consult a doctor who can rule them out and confirm or not the diagnosis of PCOS. The diagnosis of PCOS is made in several stages and requires various tests to be carried out.

A blood test

The doctor prescribes a hormonal test which is performed between the 2nd and 5th day of the menstrual cycle. If menstruation is absent, it may be caused by a treatment. This blood test measures several hormones: follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH). These two hormones play an essential role in the ovarian cycle: FSH stimulates follicular maturation and the production of estrogen, LH causes ovulation. In PCOS, the production of these two hormones is disturbed and does not vary as it should during the cycle. This results in an inversion of the FSH/LH ratio.

In addition to these hormones, this test also measures androgens: the level of circulating testosterone, androstenedione (a steroid hormone), and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DEHS). In ovarian dystrophy, androgens are elevated. The blood test also includes an hCG test (the pregnancy hormone), a carbohydrate and lipid test, and in some cases prolactin, TSH, and a 17-hydroxy progesterone test.

Pelvic ultrasound

Abdominal and pelvic ultrasound is also performed to diagnose PCOS, although it is not sufficient to make the diagnosis. However, the examination does reveal one of the characteristic features of ovarian dystrophy: the presence of numerous immature follicles in the ovaries. Normally, each ovary contains 5 to 10 follicles of about 5 mm at the beginning of each cycle. One of them will evolve and become a fertilizable oocyte. Either it is fertilized by a spermatozoon, which is the beginning of pregnancy, or it is not fertilized and is evacuated, which is the period. In the case of PCOS, the overproduction of androgens blocks follicular maturation: the follicles (at least 20 less than 9 mm in diameter) accumulate. Ultrasound can also show an enlarged ovary.

5. Polycystic ovary syndrome: how can it be treated?

Although there is no cure for polycystic ovary syndrome, the symptoms can be treated. For women who do not wish to become pregnant, this treatment begins with the use of an estrogen-progestin pill with an anti-androgenic action in order to act on acne, hirsutism, or hair loss. Hygienic and dietary measures must also be observed, including dietary management in case of overweight and regular physical activity. However, weight loss has no impact on the symptoms in women with a BMI within the limits. It is also important to regularly monitor cholesterol and blood sugar levels and to start diabetes treatment if necessary.

6. PCOS and pregnancy: the leading cause of infertility

Some women with PCOS get pregnant easily, but for those with symptoms, the path is usually more difficult. Ovulation must first be induced and regulated with medication (clomiphene citrate) or injections (exogenous gonadotropins). In case of failure and after several months of trying to achieve a pregnancy naturally, it is often necessary to resort to MAP (medically assisted reproduction).

 Morocco is a sunny destination. Its culture and gastronomy are well worth a visit. It is one of the cheapest destinations in the world and offers a whole host of things to see and do during your vacation. But before leaving, it is better to learn a little more about Morocco.

How to visit Morocco?

Morocco is a destination full of legends and beautiful stories. Its rich culture is sure to impress visitors in search of an escape. This country, bathed in sunshine most of the year, has more than one wonder to reveal. Not only is its built heritage worth a visit, but it is also known for its traditional hospitality and beautiful scenery. It is the best place to get a change of scenery and to live an enriching travel experience. Whether you are a family, a couple, or a group, a trip to Morocco promises to be invigorating and unforgettable. Moreover, there are a thousand and one ways to visit Morocco: on foot, by bike, by quad, by donkey, by car, by 4X4, and by camel. But it depends on which part of the country you want to visit.

For the Moroccan vacations, you can take the desert road by quad, 4X4, and camel. If it is a visit to town, one can stroll on foot or by bike. In addition to the means of transportation, you can visit the country with your family, your friends or your lover. You can also travel alone or with fellow travelers. The best way to visit Morocco is undoubtedly the organized tours. Not only can you see all the must-sees in one trip, but you can also have more freedom in terms of activities. This exceptional place of tourism offers various leisure activities and majestic places to visit. It would be a shame to miss out on its must-sees during your stay in Morocco.

What to do in Morocco?

One thing is sure: in Morocco, there is no time to get bored. All Moroccan cities are worth a visit with their various monuments testifying to the beauty of their architecture and their cultural wealth. Sightseeing tours can be organized in Morocco to discover for example Marrakech and its architectural jewels, but also Meknes, Fez, Essaouira, Casablanca, and many others. From city to city, we will be fascinated by the diversity of its emblematic monuments during a Moroccan weekend. In any case, in Morocco, there is no lack of activities. You can bivouac in the dunes of the Sahara, take a drive in the Tizi n'Tichka, or go hiking in the High Atlas.

Other activities to plan once in Morocco include surfing on the coast, visiting the Hassan II mosque, or learning how to surf on the sand. The Dades Gorge also has some great surprises in store for those who enjoy canyoning and swimming. The beach of Legzira will also make the happiness of the young and the old, it is the place dreamed to attend a pretty sunset. And to visit Marrakech, you can also do it with a carriage. Thus, there are so many activities that you can do in Morocco whether you go alone or accompanied. It is one of the most beautiful tourist destinations in the world. Finally, one of the steps not to be missed is the discovery of local flavors: tagine, couscous, mint tea, chebakia, harira soup, chicken pastilla, and Tanjia. But there are others that will satisfy his taste buds. During a stay in Morocco, it is necessary to know how to make the most of all the assets of the country.

When to go to Morocco?

Before going to Morocco, it is important to know the right time to go. The country's climate may or may not be kind to you depending on the type of trip you want to make. In general, Morocco has the Mediterranean, continental, and oceanic climate with almost hot and sunny summers and much cooler winters. To go to Morocco, the most favorable months are May, June, September, and October. It is a less sunny period with pleasant temperatures. The hottest months, especially in Marrakech, are July and August.

It is also advisable to leave in the winter months to cool off a bit and to visit the imperial cities. A Moroccan tour can be done all year round, but it depends on whether you can stand the heat better or not. But to avoid the heat, it is advisable to come in the spring and fall. That said, you can always go in the summer when the purpose of your trip is to hike in the Atlas Mountains or in the Rif. In short, Morocco has something to surprise all lovers of hiking and trekking.

This joint, which joins the thigh to the pelvic bone, is essential for walking and the good stability of the pelvis. What are the main pathologies that affect the hip? What tests can be used to diagnose them? How do treat them? The answers of Dr. Henri Lellouche, rheumatologist.

Between the femoral head and the acetabulum, there are:

• - On the one hand, fibrocartilage called acetabular bulge,
• - On the other hand, a fibrous sleeve called the joint capsule.

"There is a frequent confusion with the so-called "seamstress hip", which is much higher than the so-called surgeon's hip", says the rheumatologist. The tailor's hip is actually the crest of the iliac bone.

The roles of the hip

The hip is the central joint of the body, which allows the good stability of the pelvis on the lower limbs. This joint can move on 3 different planes, allowing a very large amplitude and variety of movements of the lower limbs:

• - The extension/flexion: which allows to bring the leg towards the chest or, on the contrary towards the back,
• - The adduction/abduction: which allows spreading or to tighten the legs,
• - External or internal rotation: which allows the rotation of the hip towards the median or lateral line of the body.

Hip pathologies

There are a large number of hip pathologies, grouped under the name of coxopathies, when the precise diagnosis has not yet been made.

- Cartilage pathologies

The main pathologies of the hip are cartilage wear pathologies, namely osteoarthritis of the hip also called coxarthrosis. It results in pain in the groin, which can radiate to the knee. It is a chronic disease that can seriously affect the daily life of the person suffering from it.

- Tendon pathologies

Hip tendonitis is an inflammation of one of the tendons that attach to the femur, namely the gluteus minimus, the gluteus medius, or the lateral blade of the gluteus medius. It is often caused by excessive walking or frequent climbing of stairs, and very often affects people living in multi-story houses. Hip tendonitis is manifested by pain of varying intensity on the lateral aspect of the upper thigh. The pain wakes up when walking and can be difficult to bear when climbing stairs.

- Pathologies of the acetabular rim

These are all meniscal lesions or tears of the hip meniscus, which can be observed after a sports trauma in young patients.

- Synovial pathology

The most frequent is synovial osteochondromatosis. This part of the joint starts to produce small cartilaginous formations, which are found in the joint and can cause blockages, pain, and stiffness of the hip.

- Pathologies of the bone

The most common is osteonecrosis of the hip, which is the death of bone cells in the joint caused by a lack of blood. Also called infarction, this disease can be caused by trauma (fracture or dislocation of the hip), prolonged use of corticosteroids or alcoholism.

- Inflammatory pathologies

Arthritis corresponds to the inflammation of the hip, which can be caused by a viral, bacterial, or fungal infection, a metabolic disorder, or by rheumatism.

- Congenital malformations

Hip dysplasia is a deformity of the hip joint, resulting from a problem in the development of the hip of the fetus during its growth. Hip dysplasia favors the development of coxarthrosis, which often progresses rapidly.

The symptoms

"Hip pathologies usually result in lameness, often accompanied by pain in the groin, thigh, buttock, and even the knee," describes Dr. Lellouche.

Sometimes the patient also doesn't feel pain but has discomfort or limited movement. "They may have difficulty climbing stairs, getting up from a chair, or having sex," adds the rheumatologist.

Diagnostic tests

- Clinical examination

When a patient consults for hip pain, the first examination is clinical of the entire lower extremity.

"It is essential not to limit the clinical examination to the hip because it often happens that hip pathologies cause pain in the knee: this is called projected pain," describes Dr. Lellouche.

The specialist begins by having the patient walk around to make sure that his or her two feet are in line with each other. Then, he invites the patient to lie down in order to mobilize his hip and check the movements in the 3 axes: flexion/extension, adduction/abduction, and internal or external rotation. "We are looking for any snap, pop, or lack of stability in the movement," says the specialist. Any pain or resistance will help guide the diagnosis.

The doctor also checks for the presence of any muscle atrophy that may be the result of osteoarthritis of the hip.

He also looks for signs of sciatica or curalgia, which can cause the same symptoms as hip pathologies.

- Standard X-ray

It is performed in case of suspicion of osteoarthritis. "It allows checking the architecture of the hip and the balance of the pelvis. It is also useful to check the possible presence of calcification deposits around the joint" explains the rheumatologist.

- MRI

It can be proposed in the second intention, to check the quality of the cartilage and the bone.

- CT scan

It can be proposed according to the clinical examination, or as a third option after X-ray and MRI.

"It is particularly interesting when it is associated with an injection of contrast medium, then it is called arthroscanner. It allows seeing all the pathologies inside the joint, such as synovial pathologies, those of the cartilage or of the padding", details Dr. Lellouche.

Treatments

Treatments for coxopathy vary according to the precise diagnosis of the pathology.

- Coxarthrosis

Symptomatic treatment is based on painkillers, and to a lesser extent on anti-inflammatory drugs - which are best avoided as far as possible.

Infiltrations can also be proposed in certain cases, as well as hyaluronic acid or platelet injections.

"But the ultimate treatment for hip osteoarthritis is hip replacement, which has revolutionized the management of osteoarthritis," insists the rheumatologist. More than 160,000 hip replacements are performed each year in France. "They have made it possible to change the way people suffering from osteoarthritis of the hip are viewed: they no longer need a cane to walk, they can resume a normal life and even play sports again," explains Dr. Lellouche.

Hip prostheses can be made in 3D to measure, and the success rate of the operation is close to 98%.

- Tendonitis

"The treatment of hip tendonitis is difficult because it is a tendonitis that tends to be rebellious" explains the rheumatologist. Physiotherapy sessions, physiotherapy - by the shock wave and ultrasound - as well as muscle maintenance are proposed to the patient.

Infiltrations can be performed under ultrasound, known as echo-guided.

"We also recommend drinking a lot of water because dehydration weakens the tendons," says the expert.

- The joint bulge and the synovium

Today, it is no longer necessary to operate openly to treat the pathologies of the joint bulge and the synovium. A minimally invasive surgical technique - called hip arthroscopy - can be used to treat a wide range of balloon and synovial pathologies. "It involves a small camera placed in the hip, which can also be used for diagnostic purposes," says the rheumatologist.

- Osteonecrosis

Osteonecrosis is usually treated surgically.

Several experimental treatments are also underway. Hip replacement is indicated for the most advanced cases.

- Fracture of the neck of the femur

A fracture of the neck of the femur is a very common fracture and is directly related to osteoporosis. It affects nearly 50,000 people each year, with a death rate of 16% within 5 months of the fracture.

"Today, it is the prevention of osteoporosis that is most important, to reduce the risk of fracture" insists Dr. Lellouche. The prosthesis is only rarely offered to elderly people because it is far too expensive, and surgical treatment is done with nails and plates, with a much more difficult recovery.

Sources :

Ameli - Arthrose de la hanche, symptôme et diagnostic

Ameli - Arthrose de la hanche : définition et facteurs favorisants

 A trip to Marrakech to visit the Medina with friends is a good plan. Before preparing for this unique trip, a little organization is necessary. You have to book a flight, choose where to have lunch and in which city to stay. A weekend in this sunny country promises to be pleasant.

Which agency to use for a weekend in Marrakech?

A weekend in Morocco, more precisely in Medina, is a dream! This sunny destination reserves beautiful surprises like the Riad. When you travel with someone for a weekend in Marrakech, you prefer to choose a stay in a luxury hotel with a spa and breakfast in the Medina. However, a reservation of a stay of nights is necessary for the trips to the cities of Morocco. But to be free from the hazards of a travel organization, it is better to consult the opinions of a travel agency before departure. A stay in the city of Marrakech is a real cultural stop. You should therefore book a flight from Paris to Baden or a flight from Baden to Marrakech for a weekend in a hotel with a spa. Organizing a stay in Morocco requires some preparation before departure, but also a sense of organization.

If you don't know which cities to visit in Morocco, nor in which city to rent a hotel for 2 nights, it is essential to contact a travel agency and to consult travelers' opinions. But which one? Choosing a travel agency is the first step to take before a trip to the city of Marrakech from Baden. It allows you to enjoy a cheap weekend in Marrakech.  Its mission is to organize the stay of its customers and this, from A to Z. She takes care of the accommodation in a hotel with a spa for two nights and this, by negotiating the best price. She will also be able to organize a stay with the flight from Paris to Marrakech and the activities to do in the cities of Morocco as in the Medina. You can then visit the most beautiful Riad of Marrakech or the most cultural city in the country.

Who to go on a trip to Morocco with?

If you like fun, culture, and a desert getaway, it's best to take some friends on a weekend trip to Marrakech. In addition to enjoying an all-inclusive weekend for two nights, you will also be able to let off steam and recharge your batteries with your friends. On the other hand, it is also possible to entrust an agency that can organize a tourist circuit in Marrakech. For a low-cost trip, you can opt for an all-inclusive offer, including the price of lunch or the visit to the cities where the Riads are located. But to be sure to find the right agency, consulting, and customer reviews can be useful. Also, one can decide to go alone to Marrakech thanks to their reviews and make companions once there. Or, you can take some friends with you. 

Before leaving and taking a flight from Paris or Baden to this destination, you should talk with your friends about this trip. It is always pleasant to realize this experience of travel with his close relations. But besides friends, you can also take a flight from Paris or Baden to Morocco with your family or your lover, provided that you choose the best period. This is in order to benefit from an affordable flight and a hotel with a spa at a low price too. It is therefore advisable to book a flight from Paris or Baden at the end of the week and outside the summer.

How much does a weekend in Marrakech cost?

An all-inclusive weekend in Marrakech can be expensive or not. It depends on the cost of living in the cities of the country or in which city you will have lunch, visit a Riad or do a spa. By the way, the price will depend on the length of the stay and the things to do in the heart of the Medina. In any case, travel can be expensive, and even if you choose an "all-inclusive" offer, you have to pay a high price just to have more comfort. Also, some expenses are to be expected in the price of travel in, the cities of Morocco including breakfast, nights in a hotel with a spa, and the price of a ticket Paris-Marrakech or Baden-Morocco.

Thus, before dreaming of a beautiful immersion in the heart of the Medina or spending an unforgettable weekend in Moroccan cities, the opinions are not enough. One must establish a more or less inflated budget. However, for a weekend, it is necessary to foresee approximately 150 euros per person. This will depend on the expenses that one plans to make during the trip, including the visits to the Riad, of the Medina without speaking about the breakfasts in the Moroccan city. It is then important to organize your stay by consulting the opinions of travelers. Their opinions can indeed help you in your decision-making.

Paris - Artificial intelligence is now capable of translating a huge number of different languages, making the old dream of a world where the language barrier is abolished almost attainable.

Meta, the parent company of Facebook, announced Wednesday that its artificial intelligence in this area was now able to translate 200 languages between them, regardless of the combination, compared to 100 until now.

"Many" of the languages covered by this expansion "were not currently accessible to machine translation," Meta founder Mark Zuckerberg boasted in a blog post.

This announcement is an example of the race for machine translation among the big Internet groups, anxious to make their services and products available to anyone on the planet.

In May, Google researchers published a scientific article entitled Building Machine Translation Systems for the Next 1,000 Languages, whose title sums up the specialists' ambition.

The artificial intelligence developed by Google, Microsoft, or Meta is now capable of translating languages for which there is very little parallel data, i.e. languages that have been very little translated into any language.

They allow translation between two very localized languages on the planet, such as Quechua (spoken in Peru) and Peul (a West African language), even though no human has ever attempted this task.

The challenge of machine translation "is particularly important for Facebook, which must succeed in filtering hate messages" that appear all over the world, in all languages, stresses François Yvon, a researcher at the CNRS and specialist in language processing.

The automatic translation can allow moderators in the English language to intervene in content published in other languages, he explains.

It remains to be seen how reliable these tools are. Meta says its new system is capable of "44 percent better" performance than its previous 100-language model.

"For some African and indigenous languages, this difference exceeds 70% compared to recent translation systems," the company also claims.

But for François Yvon, the automatic translations provided by Google or Facebook engines will inevitably remain unequal in quality depending on the language.

One day, speaking in 200 languages

"Languages that are highly translated, such as European languages, will probably always have an advantage," he says.

Vincent Godard, CEO of Systran, a French company that pioneered machine translation and works on 56 languages, has a similar diagnosis.

The technology that this group uses is initially the same as that of Meta and Google, but it has been enriched by the work of real linguists to avoid errors, he says.

"When you're working on the translation of an assembly manual for a fighter jet, you can't afford a single mistake," whereas mistakes can be acceptable when translating a restaurant review, he says.

So, are we close to having automatic speech translation, to be able to speak live with anyone on the planet, for example in the future metavers?

"We're not there yet, but we're working on it," says Antoine Bordes, the managing director of Fair, Meta's artificial intelligence research laboratory.

"We have another project on automatic speech translation, which for the moment works with far fewer languages," he says.

"But the interest will be to connect the two projects so that one day we will be able to speak in 200 languages while keeping the intonations, the emotion, the accents...", he anticipates

Translated with www.DeepL.com/Translator (free version)