Apr 20, 2022

What are the nutritional values of an egg for health?

April 20, 2022 0 Comments

 In recent years, nutrition experts have been faced with a dilemma: to limit egg consumption, given its high cholesterol content, or to recommend it, given its high content of high-quality protein and several vitamins and minerals. Today, there are no longer any restrictions on egg consumption in healthy people. On the contrary, it is considered to be a health ally accessible to all and a must in the kitchen.


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Characteristics of the egg

  • Excellent source of protein;
  • Source of choline and carotenoids;
  • Source of cholesterol;
  • Rich in vitamins and minerals;
  • Good source of fat.


 Nutritional and caloric values of eggs

What is a 'portion' of an egg worth?

Volume/weight  2 eggs, medium size, 100 g 

Calories 140

Protein 12,7 g

Carbohydrates 0,27 g

Fat 9,83 g  100% of the fat is found in the yolk of the egg.

Dietary fibre  0,0 g

Focus on the micronutrients contained in eggs

Among the nutrients contained in eggs in good quantities, we can mention the following:


  • Selenium: eggs are an excellent source of selenium. This mineral works with one of the main antioxidant enzymes, preventing the formation of free radicals in the body. It also helps convert thyroid hormones into their active form;
  • Vitamin B2: Eggs are a good source of vitamin B2. This vitamin is also known as riboflavin. Like vitamin B1, riboflavin plays a role in the energy metabolism of all cells. In addition, it contributes to tissue growth and repair, hormone production and the formation of red blood cells. Most riboflavin is found in egg white;
  • Vitamin B12: Eggs are a good source of vitamin B12. This vitamin works together with folic acid (vitamin B9) to make red blood cells in the blood. It also helps to maintain nerve cells and bone tissue cells;
  • Phosphorus: eggs are a source of phosphorus. Phosphorus is the second most abundant mineral in the body after calcium. It plays an essential role in the formation and maintenance of healthy bones and teeth. It also participates in the growth and regeneration of tissues and helps to maintain a normal blood pH. Finally, phosphorus is one of the constituents of cell membranes;
  • Zinc: eggs are a source of zinc. Zinc is involved in immune reactions, the manufacture of genetic material, taste perception, wound healing and foetal development. Zinc also interacts with sex and thyroid hormones and is involved in the synthesis (manufacture), storage and release of insulin in the pancreas;
  • Pantothenic acid: Eggs are a source of pantothenic acid. Also known as vitamin B5, pantothenic acid is part of a key coenzyme that allows us to adequately use the energy in the food we eat. It is also involved in several steps in the synthesis (manufacture) of steroid hormones, neurotransmitters (messengers in nerve impulses) and haemoglobin;
  • Folate: Eggs are a source of folate. Folate (vitamin B9) is involved in the manufacture of all cells in the body, including red blood cells. This vitamin plays an essential role in the production of genetic material (DNA, RNA), in the functioning of the nervous system and the immune system, and in the healing of wounds and sores. As it is necessary for the production of new cells, adequate consumption is essential during periods of growth and for the development of the foetus;
  • Vitamin A: Eggs are a source of vitamin A. Vitamin A is one of the most versatile vitamins, playing a role in many functions of the body. Among other things, it promotes the growth of bones and teeth. It keeps the skin healthy and protects against infections. It also plays an antioxidant role and promotes good vision, especially in the dark. Most of the vitamin A is found in the egg yolk;
  • Vitamin D: Eggs are a source of vitamin D. Vitamin D interacts closely with bone and tooth health, making calcium and phosphorus available in the blood, among other things, for the growth of the bone structure. Vitamin D also plays a role in the maturation of cells, including those of the immune system. Most of the vitamin A is found in the egg yolk;
  • Vitamin E: Eggs are a source of vitamin E. A major antioxidant, vitamin E protects the membrane that surrounds the body's cells, particularly red and white blood cells (immune system cells).


 The benefits of eggs

Recent scientific evidence suggests that eggs are a food of choice and that eating one egg a day, even for people with high blood cholesterol, may be acceptable. Indeed, there is no substantial evidence to show a real association between dietary cholesterol intake and blood cholesterol levels. Eggs are nutritious, and versatile and offer excellent nutritional value at a low cost.

A perfect protein profile  

The eggs are made up of proteins of high biological value. Protein is primarily used to build, repair and maintain tissues such as skin, muscle and bone. They are also used to form digestive enzymes and hormones. The proteins contained in eggs are said to be complete because they contain all nine of the body's essential amino acids in optimal proportions.


In fact, the protein quality of eggs is such that they are used as a reference food for assessing the quality of other food proteins. It should be noted that amino acids are said to be essential when the body cannot produce them. They must therefore come from the diet. Almost 60% of the egg's protein is found in the white, while the remaining 30% is in the yolk.

Carotenoid content

The egg yolk contains two powerful antioxidants from the carotenoid family: lutein and zeaxanthin. These two compounds give the egg yolk its colour. Carotenoids, which are related to vitamin A, are antioxidants known to help prevent age-related diseases such as cataracts, macular degeneration, cardiovascular disease and certain cancers.

These antioxidants neutralise or reduce free radicals in the body and thus limit cell damage. Observational studies indicate that consumption of lutein-rich foods, such as eggs, may help prevent age-related macular degeneration, a leading cause of blindness in people aged 65 and over, and reduce the risk of cataracts. The possible role of carotenoids in the prevention of cardiovascular disease (CVD) would be to decrease the oxidation of LDL-cholesterol ("bad cholesterol") and to reduce the formation of plaque in the artery walls.

Finally, carotenoids could reduce the risk of certain cancers by protecting against the development of tumours. Data from a prospective study, the Nurses' Health Study, involving 83,234 nurses showed that the higher the intake of lutein and zeaxanthin, the lower the risk of breast cancer in perimenopausal women.

Source of choline

Eggs are an excellent source of choline, a compound that plays an important role in the development and function of the brain, primarily the memory centre. Choline is mainly found in the yolk of the egg. The need for choline is important during embryonic development, as during pregnancy and lactation, low intakes of choline can have long-term effects on the development of the child's brain. An animal study showed that choline supplementation during embryonic development of rats or immediately after birth improved cognitive function and thus attention and memory.

Furthermore, in a study of pregnant women with low folic acid intakes, the authors reported that mothers with the lowest choline intakes were four times more likely to deliver a child with a neural tube defect than those with the highest intakes, irrespective of folic acid intake.

Eggs and cholesterol: what should we think?

Since it is now known that high blood cholesterol levels are associated with an increased incidence of cardiovascular disease (CVD), most nutritional recommendations for the treatment of CVD are to reduce the intake of cholesterol-rich foods and thus limit egg yolks to two or three per week.

However, these recommendations have been questioned as many studies show a weak relationship between dietary cholesterol and the incidence of cardiovascular disease. It appears that the consumption of as much as one egg per day has no significant impact on cardiovascular risk. A prospective study of 117,000 healthy men and women showed no significant association between egg consumption and cardiovascular disease. According to this study, the risk was no higher in those who consumed less than one egg per week than in those who consumed more than one egg per day.

Other studies, including a recent one, have shown that foods high in cholesterol but low in saturated fat, such as egg yolks have minor effects on blood cholesterol levels. Several studies indicate that blood lipid control is best achieved by reducing the intake of trans and saturated fats, rather than eliminating dietary cholesterol. In fact, the American Heart Association (AHA) states that consumption of one egg yolk per day may be acceptable, even for hypercholesterolemic individuals, if consumption of other cholesterol-rich foods, such as cheeses, cream, butter and red meats, is limited.

A word from the nutritionist

If you have trouble digesting cooked eggs, the cause may lie in the fat you use to cook them, not in the egg itself. For information, one portion of the egg is 2 units or about 125g with the shell.


 How to choose eggs?

Eggs have been consumed by humans since prehistoric times. Today, most people eat chicken eggs, but this has not always been the case. In fact, cane and goose eggs have long been an integral part of the diet, although they are less widely consumed today. An egg weighs on average 60g with its shell and 55g without.

Identity card of the egg 

  • Origin: Europe and Asia ;
  • Season: available all year round;
  • Colour: white to beige;
  • Taste: pronounced.

Brown or white?

There is no difference in nutritional value or taste between white and brown-shelled eggs. The colour of the shell depends on the breed of the hen. However, brown-shelled eggs would have a thicker shell and a darker yolk.

Omega-3 eggs

Omega-3 eggs are identical to conventional eggs in terms of total fat and cholesterol content. Only the omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid content of one differs from the other. Omega-3-enriched eggs are produced by adding flaxseed to the hen's feed. Flaxseed is rich in alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), a type of omega-3 fatty acid. 

An omega-3 egg covers 25% to 30% of our ALA requirements, which can provide a complimentary intake of these fatty acids. It is interesting to note that some liquid egg products have been enriched with omega-3 from marine sources. Unlike ALA, these marine fats do not require longer chain processing before being used for certain functions in the body. However, it is important to mention that eggs from flaxseed-fed hens also contain long-chain omega-3s, as the hen metabolises some of the ALA into EPA and DHA (two omega-3s found in abundance in oily fish).

Recognising a fresh egg  

If you are not sure whether an egg is fresh, you can immerse it in a bowl of water. Since the air pocket in a fresh egg is not very large, it sinks to the bottom and lies on its side. Since the air pocket is larger, the older the egg floats with the large end facing up.

Tips to avoid food poisoning

Keep eggs refrigerated at all times. In total, they should not be kept out of the refrigerator for more than two hours (including cooking and serving time). If eggs need to be at room temperature for a recipe, take them out half an hour beforehand or warm them up in warm water a few minutes before using.

To avoid the risk of cross-contamination, wash your hands and kitchen utensils after handling meat and fish and before handling eggs (and vice versa). Do not use broken or cracked eggs, which may be contaminated. The occasional blood spot in an egg is not dangerous. It can be removed with the tip of a knife if desired.

For optimal storage

  • In the refrigerator: whole eggs in their shells can be kept for five weeks from the date of packaging (about 3 weeks after purchase) without any significant loss of quality. After this time, the flesh may dry out. Once the shell has been removed, the whites and yolks can be kept for two days. Hard-boiled eggs can be kept for an average of one week;
  • In the freezer: the whites can be frozen separately for later use. Put them in the ice cube tray, freeze and transfer them to a freezer bag. Thaw in the refrigerator, not at room temperature. To freeze the whole egg, mix the white and yolk thoroughly before placing them in an airtight container in the freezer. Do not freeze the whole egg as the shell will burst in the cold.
  • To freeze the yolks, it is recommended that you add the equivalent of 1 1/2 teaspoons of sugar or corn syrup (for 4 eggs) if you plan to use them in a sweetened preparation, or 1/8 teaspoon of salt for other types of preparations. This treatment will prevent them from becoming lumpy in the freezer.

Organic eggs?

Organic eggs are now available on the market. These eggs are laid by free-range hens in open-air coops with nests and perches. The hens are fed an organic diet prepared to strict specifications. Organic egg producers are certified by an official body, which guarantees the consumer that these products meet organic farming standards.

 How to prepare eggs?

In the kitchen, eggs are an essential ingredient that can be used in a wide range of everyday recipes. It is used for baking as well as for basic and express recipes. Thanks to its excellent protein content and low cost, it is the ideal ingredient for simple, tasty and nutritious cooking.

Cooking eggs

Since it is not advisable to eat eggs raw (even for classic preparations such as mayonnaises, soufflés and mousses), here is how to prepare them:

  • Cooking the yolks normally used raw in cooking: cook over low heat in a heavy-bottomed saucepan, adding about 2 tablespoons of water or other liquid per yolk. Stir continuously and cook until the mixture forms a thin film on a metal spoon, or until the internal temperature reaches 71ºC (160ºF). Place the pan in ice water until the mixture cools and use immediately;
  • Cooking the whites normally used raw in cooking: Cook them over low heat in a double boiler with 2 tablespoons sugar, 1 tablespoon water and 1/8 teaspoon cream of tartar per white, stirring continuously at low speed with a hand mixer until they reach an internal temperature of 71ºC (160ºF). Pour into a large bowl and beat on high speed until the mixture forms fluffy peaks. Then follow the recipe as usual.

Eggs, an essential ingredient in French cuisine

If eggs are the basis of soufflés, flans, quiches or crêpes, here are some other suggestions:

  • In a salad. Serve soft-boiled eggs on a salad of fine greens. Soft-boiled eggs can be added to a vegetable salad of your choice, or in the Niçoise salad, with cubed potatoes, tomatoes, snow peas, tuna, olives and baby greens. Drizzle with a Dijon mustard vinaigrette. Or make a sandwich filling with parsley and chives or other herbs;
  • Deviled eggs. Cook the eggs and cut them in half lengthwise. Remove the yolk and mash it with mustard, mayonnaise, sour cream or yoghurt, lemon juice, capers, salt and pepper and fill the whites with this mixture. Refrigerate before serving. You can vary by replacing the capers with sliced olives and adding hot pepper or Tabasco sauce;
  • Omelettes. Chives, watercress, parsley, tarragon and lemon balm go very well with eggs;
  • Pickled hard-boiled eggs. Put hard-boiled eggs in a jar. Heat vinegar and concentrated orange juice, a cinnamon stick and cloves in a saucepan for a few minutes. Pour over the eggs, close the jar and allow to cool to room temperature, then place in the refrigerator. Wait at least a week, and up to three or four weeks, before eating;
  • Soft-boiled egg, soft-boiled egg, hard-boiled egg. What is the difference? In fact, only the cooking time varies. A soft-boiled egg is an egg whose white is starting to coagulate and whose yolk is still liquid. A soft-boiled egg is an egg where the white is solid, but the yolk is still runny. Finally, the hard-boiled egg is an egg with a firm white and yolk;
  • The single egg can also be poached, scrambled, fried, fried or spun;
  • Scrambled eggs. The egg can also be poached, scrambled, fried or spun; Scrambled eggs. Various ingredients are added to the eggs: grated cheese, diced tomatoes seasoned with basil, sour cream flavoured with chives, pieces of canned sardines or anchovies, curried crabmeat, capers, pieces of bacon or sausage, mushrooms, finely chopped vegetables, etc. ;
  • Huevos rancheros. Prepare a salsa that is more or less spicy according to taste, pour it into an oven dish and hollow out "nests" in which to place raw eggs. Garnish with strips of pimiento (pepper) and sprinkle with grated cheese. Bake until eggs are firm in a 215ºC (420ºF) oven;
  • Florentine Soup. Heat finely chopped spinach in chicken or vegetable stock with nutmeg for a few minutes. Add beaten eggs to the soup, stirring well. Remove from heat immediately. Serve in bowls with grated Parmesan cheese, if desired;
  • Provençal omelette. First cook five slobbery omelettes, the first with green onions, the second with spinach or another green leafy plant, the third with garlic, the fourth with tomato and the fifth with herbs. Stack them in order in a buttered or oiled round pan. Put the mould in the oven for about twenty minutes in a container half-filled with water. Serve hot or cold, slicing to show the different colours;
  • French toast. Dip slices of bread in eggs beaten with milk, fry in a pan and serve with maple syrup or brown sugar;
  • Frittata or 'western omelette'. Almost every country has a version of this dish, which consists of sautéed vegetables (potatoes, tomatoes, courgette, broccoli, spinach, depending on the season), mushrooms, diced ham or sausage, and other foods of choice until they are cooked, and then pour beaten eggs flavoured with herbs and grated cheese on top. You can vary this by adding pasta or oriental noodles, shrimp or smoked salmon, and sun-dried tomatoes;
  • Egg in the hole. Remove some of the crumbs from a slice of bread. Brown the slice in a frying pan and crack an egg through the opening. Cook until the white is firm and serve. The same can be done with partially hollowed-out potato slices, which are baked for about 15 minutes.

Discover the hundred-year-old egg

A true classic of Chinese cuisine, the hundred-year-old egg is actually preserved for only a few months in a mixture of saltpetre, tea leaves, clay and other materials that turn the shell black and give the flesh a greenish colour and hard-boiled egg texture. They are usually thinly sliced and served as an appetizer with other fine foods.

 Contraindications and allergies to eggs

Eggs are among the foods that cause allergic reactions of varying degrees of severity in some sensitive individuals. Although egg allergy often diminishes with age, this is not always the case, so great care should be taken. Moreover, eggs are a very fragile food, so it is advisable to cook them carefully to avoid food poisoning, the consequences of which can be very serious.
Egg allergy
Eggs, along with milk, peanuts and shellfish, are one of the main causes of food allergies. Egg allergy is usually caused by the immune system's reaction to one of the protein fractions in the egg white. However, in some people, it is the proteins in the yolk that cause the allergy. As it is not possible to separate the yolk and the egg white, 100%, the only way to avoid an allergic reaction is to exclude foods or products containing eggs or egg derivatives and foods that may have been in contact with eggs.

People allergic to raw eggs cannot usually eat cooked eggs. Although cooking alters the protein in a raw egg, it is not enough to prevent an allergic reaction. Fortunately, egg allergy disappears in most children after the age of five. However, when the allergy is severe, it can last a lifetime. As a preventive measure, egg white should not be introduced into a child's diet before the age of one.
The most common symptoms of egg allergy are gastrointestinal (vomiting, diarrhoea), and respiratory (asthma, bronchitis) and are also often related to skin problems (eczema).


Risk of food-borne diseases

The safety of eggs is of primary importance, given the risk of contamination by bacteria or viruses (e.g. Salmonella and H5N1). The Canadian Egg Marketing Agency has been working to improve the natural defences of the egg (hard shell, two membranes and antimicrobial properties in the albumen), through the Clean First - Clean Always? The program is based on a hazard management approach. In Canada, in 2003 and 2004, the compliance rate of inspected egg products was 97% (3% of eggs were non-compliant or unsafe).

Although the risk of Salmonella infection is minimal, to eliminate this risk, Health Canada recommends that consumers, especially pregnant women, the elderly, very young children and people with weakened immune systems due to illness, cook eggs until the white and yolk have a solid consistency. There are pasteurised liquid egg preparations on the market that can be used instead of raw eggs, since pasteurisation has destroyed any bacteria, including salmonella, that may be contained in the egg.

 History and anecdotes

A little history

The eggs of various bird species have undoubtedly been eaten since ancient times. The Phoenicians feasted on ostrich eggs, while in ancient times the Romans ate blue peacock eggs and Chinese pigeon eggs. In fact, the eggs of any egg-laying species, including turtles and alligators, can be used as food.
However, over the course of evolution, the hen's egg has gradually taken precedence over all others, but this has happened rather recently. Although Apicius, the famous ancient Roman gastronome, gave various recipes for custards and omelettes in his culinary work, the egg remained a marginal food for a long time, partly because of religious prohibitions and superstitious beliefs, and partly for economic reasons: in fact, the general public considered it much more profitable to wait for the egg to turn into a hen or a rooster. The exception to this rule was the Chinese, who considered it an excellent source of nutrition and spread its use throughout East Asia.
There is no mention of eggs in the few writings on the Middle Ages in Europe, perhaps because, like meat, they were forbidden by the Catholic Church to be eaten on lean days, i.e. For more than 160 days a year. However, chickens, which did not follow the liturgical calendar, but the calendar of the seasons and their biological cycle, laid abundantly during Lent, when daylight was again abundant. To avoid losing this precious resource, they were preserved in liquid fat or wax until Easter, the day of celebration par excellence.

To improve their appearance after their prolonged stay in the vault, they were decorated in various ways. This is how the tradition of Easter eggs originated. By the middle of the 17th century, at least 60 recipes were known for the preparation of this increasingly popular menu item.


Improving productivity

In the 18th century, the discovery by the French of an artificial brooding technique practised by the Egyptians using low-temperature ovens aroused great interest among breeders, who multiplied crossbreeding. In the 19th century, much more productive breeds of hens, selected by the Chinese, appeared in the West, creating a real stir among breeders who all wanted to own some of these "new" birds, which were very different from the known Mediterranean and European breeds. During this century, a hundred other breeds were created, some of which were bred only for meat, others for eggs, and others for both purposes.
This was a good period for the egg, which was considered a perfect food until the 1980s. However, its popularity waned when it was discovered that its yolk was particularly high in cholesterol, which was blamed for causing cardiovascular disease. In that decade alone, sales of fresh eggs fell by 25%. The increasing number of salmonella outbreaks during the same period and until recently will add to this fate. It is therefore not advisable to eat the raw egg that used to be used in many dishes, including mayonnaise. In recent years, the egg has regained some of its lost popularity, after various clinical studies have shown that for the majority of the population it is excellent food.
In addition to fresh eggs, dehydrated, liquid and frozen egg preparations (albumen only, yolk only, whole egg, albumen and yolk mixed in various proportions) are now available on the market.
Ecology and environment
Until the Second World War, eggs were mainly produced on small family farms, with an average of only 400 laying hens. Various innovations, notably in veterinary medicine and in the formulation of enriched feeds, as well as the creation of complex mechanical equipment, will lead to battery farming as we know it today, with hundreds of thousands or even millions of hens per production unit. For example, in the United States, one of the world's largest poultry-producing countries, 95% of production is carried out by 260 farms, of which 65 have more than one million hens and 9 have more than five million. The smallest farms in the USA have a minimum of 30,000 hens.
On these farms, the hens are, in most cases, confined to narrow cages in which they can barely move. They have no access to outside air or daylight, their production cycle being entirely controlled by artificial lighting. The conditions in which they live, especially the high number of individuals in a given space, create a permanent state of stress that weakens their immune system, necessitating the administration of antibiotics. In addition, the manure produced by the hens on these farms is a major source of pollution of surface and groundwater, particularly in terms of phosphorus.
In Europe, for humanitarian and public health reasons, the trend toward battery farming seems to be reversing. In several countries on this continent, cage farming is banned. In Germany, it goes even further, as it is now forbidden by law to keep more than 6,000 hens in a single hen house.

11 good reasons to eat broccoli

April 20, 2022 0 Comments

 Broccoli is a cruciferous vegetable of the cabbage family. It is not always appreciated... And yet, well-cooked, it can be extremely tasty and full of health and body benefits!

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 Broccoli, benefits galore

Broccoli is a vegetable from the cruciferous family. Originally from Italy (it has only been cultivated in France since the 1980s), it is a descendant of wild cabbage and cauliflower. Packed with vitamins, this green vegetable is an amazing health ally. To get the most out of its taste and its benefits for the body, it is best to eat it raw or slightly cooked.


11 reasons to eat broccoli

  • Rich in potassium and vitamin B, broccoli prevents muscle cramps.
  • According to some studies, one of the components of broccoli could prevent the appearance of breast cancer.
  • Broccoli could decrease the level of bad cholesterol and increase the good one.
  • Rich in various vitamins, it would help the cellular renewal of the skin and would fight effectively against wrinkles.
  • Full of lutein and zeaxanthin, broccoli would protect our eyesight and the health of our eyes.
  • It would also protect men from the risks of prostate cancer.
  • Broccoli would naturally reduce the concentration of homocysteine in the blood, responsible for the risks of vascular accidents.
  • Broccoli would also strengthen our immune system, thanks to its vitamin C, and would therefore fight effectively against winter diseases and colds.
  • Very low in calories and carbohydrates, but rich in fiber, it is a real slimming ally for those who are on a diet!
  • Thanks to its sulforaphane, it would protect our respiratory tracts and is thus particularly recommended to smokers and asthmatics.
  • Excellent for the memory, it would slow down the cognitive decline.

3 broccoli recipes for every taste

Broccoli purée

Ingredients (for 4 people):
  • 1 broccoli ;
  • salt ;
  • pepper.
Steps:
  • Wash broccoli and remove florets.
  • Steam for about 10 to 12 minutes until tender.
  • Blend, gradually adding the cooking water, until you obtain a smooth and homogeneous purée. Season to taste.

Saint-Nectaire Raclette with spicy vegetables

Ingredients (for 4 people):

  • 4 large baked potatoes;
  • 600 g of Saint-Nectaire cheese ;
  • 1 broccoli ;
  • 400 g mushrooms;
  • 200 g chorizo ;
  • 200 g coppa cheese;
  • 200 g of Auvergne ham;
  • 1 clove of garlic ;
  • 1 spring onion;
  • 30 g of semi-salted butter.

Steps:

  • Preheat the oven to 180°C (th.6).
  • Wash and dry the potatoes.
  • Prick them lightly in several places with a fork and place them on a baking sheet covered with parchment paper. Bake for about 1 hour. Check for doneness with the tip of a knife.
  • Peel and slice the onion into thin rings.
  • Peel, degerm and chop the garlic. Cut off the stem of the broccoli and cut it into florets.
  • Wash the florets, drain and set aside.
  • Clean the mushrooms and cut off the stems if necessary.
  • In a frying pan, melt the butter and fry the chopped onion for 5 to 8 minutes.
  • Add the broccoli florets. Cook for 12 to 15 minutes.
  • Add the mushrooms and chopped garlic and cook for another 10 minutes.
  • Add a pinch of Espelette pepper. Season with salt and pepper.
  • Melt the slices of Saint-Nectaire cheese in the caquelons.
  • Coat the potatoes with cheese and accompany your raclette with the spicy vegetable pan and Spanish chorizo, coppa and/or Auvergne ham.


Skillet of rutabaga, potatoes, broccoli and smoked sausage

Ingredients (for 4 people):

  • 450 g rutabagas;
  • 400 g of potatoes ;
  • ½ broccoli;
  • 2 cooked smoked sausages ;
  • a few sprigs of thyme;
  • salt;
  • freshly ground pepper.

Steps:

  • Steam broccoli florets for 8 to 10 minutes. Set aside.
  • Cut smoked sausages into rounds.
  • Wash and dice rutabagas and potatoes and dry with a cloth.
  • Place the cubed potatoes and rutabagas in a frying pan with olive oil. Mix and season to taste.
  • Cook over high heat for 4 to 5 minutes, stirring occasionally, and continue cooking over low heat, covered, for 10 to 12 minutes until the vegetables are tender. Set aside.
  • Brown the smoked sausage slices in the pan, add the rutabagas, potatoes and broccoli florets and continue cooking for 3 to 4 minutes, stirring well.
  • Season with salt and pepper. Sprinkle with fresh thyme and enjoy hot!

Apr 19, 2022

One in two people in the world suffers from headaches

April 19, 2022 0 Comments

 According to researchers at the Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), more than half of the world's population suffers from headaches. According to the results of the study, women are more affected by headaches and migraines than men.

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Definition of headache

Headache, characterized by recurrent headaches, is one of the most common nervous system disorders. Headache is the painful and incapacitating manifestation of a small number of primary headache disorders, namely migraine, tension headache and facial vascular disease. They can also be caused by or occur secondary to a long list of medical conditions, the most common being medication overuse headache.


Frequency of headaches

Worldwide, the prevalence of common headache in adults (symptomatic headache at least once in the past year) is estimated to be about 50%. Between half and three quarters of adults aged 18 to 65 years worldwide have had a headache in the past year, and of these, more than 30% have reported a migraine. Between 1.7 and 4% of the world's adult population is affected by headache for at least 15 days per month. Despite regional variations, headache is a global problem affecting all populations, regardless of age, race, income level, or geographic location.


Headache disease burden

In addition to being painful, headache is also disabling. In the Global Burden of Disease Study, updated in 2013, migraine alone is the 6th leading cause of disability-adjusted life years lost. Headache as a whole is the 3rd leading cause.


Headaches place a real burden on sufferers, sometimes with significant personal suffering, altered quality of life and financial cost. Repeated attacks, often accompanied by the constant fear of the next painful episode, undermine family, social and professional life. Long-term efforts to live with chronic headaches can also predispose the subject to other diseases. Anxiety and depression, for example, are far more common in people with migraines than in healthy individuals.


Types of headaches

Migraine, tension headache and medication overuse headache are important public health issues and are responsible for high levels of disability and ill health in the population.


Migraine

  • This is a primary headache.
  • Migraine most often appears during puberty and affects people between the ages of 35 and 45.
  • It is twice as frequent in women as in men due to hormonal influences;
  • It is triggered by the activation of a mechanism in the depths of the brain that causes the release of inflammatory substances, generating pain, around the nerves and blood vessels of the head.
  • It is recurrent, often lifelong and characterized by attacks.

The attacks have the following characteristics:

  1. headache that can be:

  • moderate to severe in intensity;
  • with unilateral and/or pulsating pain;
  • aggravated by usual physical activities;
  • can last from a few hours to 2 or 3 days;

  1. frequency is between once a year and once a week;
  2. in children, attacks tend to be shorter and abdominal symptoms are more pronounced

Tension headache

  • This is the most common primary headache.
  • In some populations, more than 70% of people report episodic tension headaches;
  • The chronic form of headache, occurring more than 15 days per month, affects 1 to 3% of adults;
  • Tension headaches often appear in adolescence and affect 3 women for every 2 men.
  • The mechanism of onset may be stress related or associated with cervical musculoskeletal problems.
  • Episodic tension headache attacks usually last a few hours but may persist for several days.
  • Chronic tension headache can be permanent and is much more disabling than the episodic form.
  • This headache is often described as a band-like pressure around the head that radiates from the neck to the head or spreads from the head to the neck.

Vascular Algebra of the face

  • This is a primary headache.
  • It is relatively rare, affecting less than one adult in 1000 and it affects 6 men for every woman.
  • It develops mostly from the age of 20 years.
  • It is characterized by frequent (up to several times a day), brief but extremely severe recurrent headaches, localized in or around a reddening and watering eye, a runny or stuffy nose on the affected side and sometimes a drooping eyelid.
  • There are episodic and chronic forms.

Medication Overuse Headache

  • It is caused by the chronic and excessive use of headache medications.
  • It is the most common secondary headache.
  • It is present most of the time, oppressive, persistent, with frequent paroxysm on waking.
  • It could affect up to 7% of individuals in certain populations, women more often than men.


Treatment

Appropriate treatment of headache involves training of health professionals, accurate diagnosis, recognition of the condition, treatment with cost-effective medications, simple lifestyle modifications and patient education. The main therapeutic classes to manage them are analgesics, antiemetics, antimigraine drugs and prophylactic medications.


Barriers to Effective Care

The main clinical barrier is the lack of knowledge among health care providers. Worldwide, medical schools devote an average of only 4 hours to headache during graduate training. A large number of headache sufferers are not diagnosed or treated. Only 40% of migraine and tension headache sufferers and only 10% of medication-induced headache sufferers are diagnosed.


This lack of awareness extends to the general public, who do not perceive the seriousness of headaches because they are usually episodic and are neither fatal nor contagious. Judging by the small number of consultations in developed countries, many people seem to be unaware that effective treatments exist. It is estimated that 50% of headache sufferers self-medicate.


Many governments, seeking to contain health care costs, do not recognize that headache disorders are a major burden on society. They sometimes fail to recognize that the direct costs of treatment are small compared to the considerable indirect savings that could be achieved (e.g., by reducing the number of lost workdays) if resources were devoted to the proper treatment of headache disorders.


WHO action

This obvious burden calls for action. Recognizing this, WHO is a partner with the non-governmental organization Lifting The Burden in the global headache campaign. This initiative, which began in 2004, aims not only to raise awareness of the problem but also to improve access to and quality of care worldwide. In 2011, the WHO published the Atlas of headache disorders, which describes the burden of disease attributable to headache disorders and the resources available to reduce them.




 One in six people in the world suffer from headaches every day

Do you suffer from headaches? You are not alone! Researchers from the Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU) have just demonstrated that 52% of the world's population suffers from headaches at least once a year. To reach this conclusion, the researchers compiled over 357 studies on the subject between 1961 and 2020.


Published in the Journal of Headache and Pain on April 12, the results of the study reveal that 26% of them describe a tension headache (which is characterized by pressure or tightness in the head), 14% suffer from migraine and 4.6% have recurrent headaches at least 15 days a month. Every day, more than 15% of the world's population suffers from headaches, or one in six people.


 Women suffer more headaches than men

The Norwegian study also reveals that headaches (especially migraines) are more frequent in women than in men. Indeed, 57.8% of women report suffering from migraine at least once a year against 44.4% for men. Every month and for a period of 15 days, 6% of women have a headache against 2.9% of men. According to Lars Jacob Stovner, professor of neurology at NTNU, "this probably has to do with female sex hormones, and in particular estrogen fluctuations". 


 Headaches, more frequent than before?

While the researchers report that headaches are widespread around the world, they also wondered if they have gained ground since 1961. While estimates tend to show that more and more people are suffering from headaches worldwide, the researchers are reluctant to jump to conclusions given the wide variation in numbers. However, they encourage scientists from all over the world to harmonize their research in order to determine, for example, the influence of genetics, stress, light or pollution on our migraines.




Apr 14, 2022

The date well consume it to lose weight

April 14, 2022 0 Comments

 Dates are the fruits of the desert. Cultivated for 6,000-8,000 years from the ancient civilizations of Eurasia, are considered ideal energy foods as they are rich in essential nutrients for our bodies providing many health benefits. Four to six dates are enough to lose weight, they say!!



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This is what we will try to discover in this article while revealing all the virtues of this ancient fruit and especially in relation to weight loss.

Also called Phoenix dactylifera, the tree of these fruits is the date palm, a palm that survives in the desert. This tree is native to the Euphrates basin. The dates then went to several other countries where they are grown, such as Egypt, Iran, Saudi Arabia, Pakistan, Tunisia, Morocco and Algeria, but also California (United States). United).


Dates under the magnifying glass

These dried fruits are a real energy concentrate of micronutrients. They are full of benefits for our health.

Master data:

Calories: 287 Kcal/100g, Protein: 1.81 Kcal/100g, Carbohydrates: 64.7 Kcal/100g, Fat: 0.25 Kcal/100g

Vitamin C: 3 mg per 100 g, Vitamin B2: 0.075 mg/100g, Vitamin B3: 1.41 mg/100g, Vitamin E: 0.46 mg/100g

Potassium: 696mg per 100 g, Phosphorus: 62 mg per 100 g, Magnesium: 47.3mg per 100g, Calcium: 44.9 mg per 100 g.

Manganese: 0.3 mg per 100 g, Iron: 0.9 mg per 100 g, Zinc: 0.3 mg per 100 g.

Such ingredients would necessarily affect our well-being if dates slipped into our diet more often. It remains to know their virtues in detail.


Dates, fruits with immeasurable virtues

Although the diet has diversified in the Near East and Middle East, as well as in North Africa, the date continues to be part of the diet of these peoples, where nearly 90% of the production is consumed locally.

During "Ramadan", the holy month of Muslims, fasting goes from sunrise to sunset. The tradition rooted in Islamic religious teachings insists on the Prophet's statement: "If any of you want to break the fast, let him do it with dates because they are a blessing, and if he does not find any, let him break the fast with water because it is a purification." This should be respected by every Muslim when breaking his fast, a few dates and a little water! Strange as it sounds, it would be plausible to ask the question about dates, what does the date so special have to fill an empty stomach?

Most of the calories in dates come from carbohydrates. The rest comes from a very small amount of protein. Dates can be a good source of energy after any increased physical exertion given their high energy value. In addition, they contain important vitamins and minerals, in addition to a significant amount of fiber.


The high fiber content in this dried fruit

Dates are rich in dietary fiber. Unable to be digested by the human body, fiber acts in three ways, resulting in weight loss.

First of all, fiber helps slow down the absorption of food in the large intestine, which allows you to feel full for a long time. They also prevent a sudden rise in blood sugar.

Secondly, they help trap fats, thus preventing their absorption.

Third, fiber contributes to the production of short-chain fatty acids in the gut, which are essentially food for good gut bacteria. These gut bacteria aid in digestion, helping to boost metabolism.

There is, however, a diversity of fibre-based dietary supplements, we will mention Fibre Select, one of the best detox products tested by TP.



The high content of unsaturated fatty acids

Not all fats are bad, like the unsaturated fatty acids found in dates. These unsaturated fatty acids can help reduce inflammation, which can occur for various reasons such as injury, swelling, illness, unhealthy food consumption, or a sedentary lifestyle. The bad news is that inflammation is linked to obesity, insulin resistance, diabetes, liver disease, etc. As dates contain a good amount of unsaturated fatty acids, by consuming them you can reduce inflammation. In short, you reduce your chances of gaining weight.


Good source of protein

Dates are also high in protein but are difficult to digest and the transition time in the large intestine is longer. This allows the body to feel full for a long time. What's more, protein can also help build and repair muscle.


Rich in antioxidants

Dried fruits in general, are rich in antioxidants that help eliminate oxygenated free radicals. Dates provide various antioxidants that have a number of health benefits, including a reduced risk of several diseases. Without neglecting their value in fighting against cellular aging.

Antioxidants protect your cells from free radicals, unstable molecules that can cause harmful reactions in your body and lead to disease.

Compared to similar fruits, such as figs and dried plums, dates seem to have the highest antioxidant content of which we quote:

Flavonoids:

Powerful antioxidants that can help reduce inflammation, diabetes risk, Alzheimer's disease and certain types of cancer.

Carotenoids:

Carotenoids have been proven to promote heart health and may also reduce the risk of eye-related disorders.

Phenolic acid:

Known for its anti-inflammatory properties, phenolic acid may help reduce the risk of cancer and heart disease


A natural sweetener

Dates are a healthy substitute for white sugar in recipes because of their sweet taste, nutrients, fiber, and antioxidants. It is therefore very beneficial to include them in your menus to substitute sugar.


And bone health!

Dates contain several minerals, including phosphorus, potassium, calcium and magnesium. All have been studied for their potential to prevent bone-related conditions like osteoporosis.


Antidiabetic activity

This natural candy can actually help control your blood sugar levels. Scientists have found that flavonoids, saponins and phenolic compounds found in dates can help boost insulin production. If you have diabetes, consult your doctor to find out if you can consume dates without fear.


Heart protection thanks to vitamins

Vitamins present in dates, reduce the level of LDL cholesterol in the blood preventing heart problems in the body. Vitamin B6 is known to improve brain performance. As for vitamin E, it can delay or prevent coronary heart disease. Potassium helps regulate blood pressure as well as the risk of stroke.


Saturate the sweet tooth

 Dates are soft, tender and slimy. They can act as a natural sweetener unlike all the harmful effects of cane sugar. So, if you feel like having something sweet after a meal, just place two dates in your mouth and you'll fill your tooth! This way, you will be able to nourish your body without the risk of gaining weight.


Fighting fatigue

Thanks to all these nutrients, the date will be excellent for fighting fatigue and strengthening your immune system. Eating dates before the arrival of winter will therefore allow the body to better protect itself against external aggressions. It offers a real energy intake recommended for great athletes.


Boost immunity

Due to their iron content, dates stimulate blood production and thus the immunity of the body.


Prevent allergies

The sulfur that exists in dates, helps not only to reduce allergic reactions but also to avoid seasonal allergies.


Reducing the pain of childbirth

According to the researchers, it is inevitable that dates reduce the pain of childbirth. This is revealed by a study conducted by a team of researchers from the University of Jordan. According to work and research, a diet rich in dates would also reduce bleeding and better manage the postpartum period.

With all its virtues that crown the dates, the question that now arises is:


Can dates help us lose weight??

Dates provide a feeling of fullness. Being rich in vitamins, minerals, such as selenium, magnesium and copper, etc.

In addition, these fleshy fruits are quite rich in soluble and insoluble fiber that give you a feeling of satiety to avoid overeating. This fiber also has the primary role of preventing constipation helping to maintain a healthy digestive system by increasing metabolism and the chances of losing weight.

dates can help you lose pounds yes, but they can also lead you to gain them if you abuse their consumption.

So you can eat 4 to 6 dates a day, to satiate your sweet tooth, keep your hunger away, add healthy and nutritious food to your menus and taste your food.

Speaking of food, let's see how to include dates in your daily food menu.


How to incorporate these fruits into your diet?

An interesting way to eat dates is to seed them and stuff them with pieces of nuts and almonds or any other dried fruit of your choice.

Add chopped dates to a fruit salad or dessert.

You can also include dates in vegetables, rice dishes, couscous, etc. A very common method of consuming dates is to add them to milk.

You can add dates to plain yogurt too. One of the most popular ways to consume dates is to add them to a glass of milk.

However, there are some milk dates diet for weight loss, nothing has proven


Choice and conservation

There are varieties of dates in Europe sold in several countries. Each variety differs from the other in texture, shape and taste. We will mention the best ones:

Deglet Nour :

Known for its unique honey taste, it is native to Algeria and Tunisia.

The Allig:

It is a variety of a form that is along with a sweet taste, picked in November.

The Medjoul:

It is a very fleshy and generous large date, originally from Jordan: one of the most famous for its refined taste.

The Kenta:

It is the least sweet of all. It is a date light golden color.


Slimming supplements based on dates?

It's not for tomorrow, presumably! We also believe that the best way to consume dates is in the form of freshly preserved fruit. Do not see it as a magical food that will make you lose pounds and pounds. Instead, think of it as a good source of micronutrients that will do you good and help you do well.


Apr 6, 2022

An orange diet to lose weight in a healthy way

April 06, 2022 0 Comments

 We all know the many properties of orange, this citrus fruit is full of vitamin C that prevents us from getting sick during the winter, among others.

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In addition to being essential to avoid colds, vitamin C in oranges helps us burn fat and lose weight and convert it into energy, instead of storing it in different areas of our body.

We all know the many properties of the orange, this citrus fruit is full of vitamin C that prevents us from getting sick during the winter, among other things.

But, this delicious fruit also has the ability to help us lose weight and feel better every day.

Orange also has fabulous properties to spend the summer well. Discover all this information in the rest of this article.

consume oranges to lose weight

The benefits that orange brings us are so numerous that it is difficult to list them all.

Thanks to its particular flavor, halfway between acidity and sweetness, and its the very subtle aroma, the orange is an extremely popular fruit all over the world.

It could be said that it is among the most popular fruits of the fruit kingdom (if there is a fruit kingdom) for several reasons.

It is not only delicious, but it also brings a wide range of benefits to our body.

Do you want to know what are the main benefits of orange? We present them to you later in this article.

It cleanses the gums and tongue

Squeezed orange juice helps to avoid dry mouth, de-inflame the gums (ideal if you have gingivitis), clean wounds and give good oral hygiene.

You can also rub the lower orange peel after washing your teeth or apply the white part of the quarters to treat rashes.


It eliminates throat infections

Orange juice decongests toxic residues and bacteria that accumulate in the tonsils in particular and in the throat in general.

It is also not necessary to strain it, so that the pulp can completely wash the throat.

It increases immune defenses

This is probably the most well-known property of oranges. "Eat oranges so you don't get sick," your mom repeated to you. And she was absolutely right.

This is due to the vitamin C that this fruit provides. A juice or orange every day keeps you away from the flu, cough, nasal congestion and many other diseases.

How to lose weight thanks to oranges?

No need to eat this fruit for a month. However, we recommend that you drink two liters of orange juice a day (one on an empty stomach and another in the afternoon).

You should always drink it half an hour before breakfast and take the second portion two hours after lunch.

In addition, the juice should be squeezed just before ingestion. So do not prepare it in the morning for the afternoon or in the evening for the next day.

With a good juicer, you will only have it for five minutes. Depending on the size of the fruit and the amount of juice, one liter requires about 16/18 oranges.

So take advantage of a promotion to buy them in bulk! You won't need to go shopping every day.

Avoid consuming bottled orange juice, even if you are assured that it is the best in the world.

Any other recommendations?

It is not only about drinking orange juice, but also about following a healthy and balanced diet, playing sports and maintaining good health habits.

Regarding food, remember the following tips:


  • Eat plenty of raw fruits and vegetables.
  • Do not forget about pulses.
  • Consume dried fruits.
  • Prefer flours and whole sugars. 
  • Do not eat sweets, desserts or pastries.
  • Do not drink soda, coffee or alcoholic beverages. 
  • Prefer tea to coffee.

Regarding exercises, it is excellent to do a half-hour program, two or three times a week.

You can go out for a walk, bike, trotting, walk your dog, play with your children, dance, climb stairs or swim. No need to register in a gym!

Finally, don't forget to follow these daily habits:

  • Sleep 8 hours in a row a day 
  • Do not smoke
  • Eliminate stress 
  • Practice meditation, yoga, tai chi or whatever you want to relax
  • Reduce your obligations and put less pressure on you
In addition to losing weight and feeling better with this orange diet, you will be able to:

  • Cleanse the blood
  • Improve the work of the liver
  • Have a more beautiful skin
  • Dissolve stomach residues
  • Sanitize stomach ulcers
  • Prevent or treat infections
  • Healing wounds
  • Treating pancreatitis
  • Improve the fluidity of bile and pancreatic juice
  • Treating haemorrhoids
  • Disinfect and purify the colon
  • Remove phlegm from the body
  • Strengthen the immune system
  • Strengthening kidney health
  • Improve the capacity of the glands
  • Treating cysts, tumors and ulcers
  • Reduce bladder inflammation


A concentrate of vitamins to start the day well

Oranges are recommended for all people who lack energy. As we all know, they contain a lot of vitamin C, as well as kiwi or lemon. In addition to this, they are low in calories, about 69 calories per fruit. During a diet, it happens very often that we are tired, and for good reason: the change of diet, the stress of the goals to be held and the possible frustrations cause a drop in energy. You can easily fill it by filling up on vitamins that you will find in fruits, and especially in oranges. Be aware that the vitamins found naturally in fruits and vegetables are much healthier than synthetic vitamins bought in pharmacies and are sometimes expensive. The choice is quickly made!


How to consume your oranges

Oranges are easily consumed as they are or in juice, all year round. On the other hand, it is better to choose oranges from organic farming, or, failing that, oranges with the mention "untreated after harvest", which you can easily find in the supermarket. Choose them ripe enough to be sweet and not too acidic. To enjoy all its benefits, the ideal is to eat all the pulp, but also the white parts that separate the quarters: it is inside that the majority of nutrients and fiber are found. Because this is also another advantage of this fruit: it facilitates intestinal transit and will help you avoid any problem of constipation if you consume it regularly.


We bet on fresh oranges and we forget ready-made juices!

Squeezing a good fresh orange juice in the morning is a great idea even if consuming a whole fruit is always better. That said, do not think that ready-made orange juices are so interesting in terms of nutritional intake. Vitamins, fiber and minerals are present, but in much smaller amounts. You can consume it anyway, but only products labelled "100% pure juice": the others contain added sugar. Be careful to consume your homemade juices very quickly: vitamin C tends to escape over time. Immediately in a hurry, immediately consumed!


Does orange make you lose weight, finally? If we believe in the new fashion of the "orange diet", it would seem that yes! Be careful though, if you follow a diet based on oranges, be careful not to run out of carbohydrates or proteins to be in shape: we can never repeat it enough, to be healthy, you have to eat varied.

Apr 3, 2022

kiwi little you help to lose weight

April 03, 2022 0 Comments

 A single kiwi contains an impressive amount of fiber that can help you lose weight. Thanks to the antioxidants it contains, consuming it regularly would prevent the appearance of cardiovascular diseases and certain cancers. On the kitchen side, the kiwi allows the realization of recipes that are both healthy, colorful and gourmet.


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Features of kiwi

Strong antioxidant power;

Low in calories;

Very good source of fiber;

Promotes cardiovascular health;

Helps prevent chronic pathologies.

 Nutritional and caloric values of kiwi

Per 100 g of raw kiwi:

  • Calories  60,5
  • Protein  0.88 g
  • Carbohydrates  11 g
  • Lipids  0.6 g
  • Dietary fiber 2.4 g
  • Glycemic load: Low
  • Antioxidant power: High

Zoom on the micronutrients contained in the kiwi to lose weight:

Among the nutrients present in good quantities in kiwi, we can mention:

  • Vitamin C: Kiwi is an excellent source of vitamin C;
  • Vitamin K: Kiwi is an excellent source of vitamin K for women and a good source for men;
  • Vitamin B9 (folic acid): kiwi is a source of vitamin B9;
  • Vitamin E: Kiwi is a source of vitamin E;
  • Copper: kiwi is a source of copper;
  • Potassium: Kiwi is a source of potassium.

The benefits of kiwi to lose weight

More studies will be needed to confirm the various health benefits attributable to kiwi before recommending the consumption of this fruit in the prevention or treatment of particular diseases.

However, several prospective and epidemiological studies support that high fruit and vegetable consumption contributes to the maintenance of good health by decreasing the risk of cardiovascular disease, certain cancers and chronic diseases.

Prevention of certain cancers

Oxidative damage to DNA is one of the possible causes of the appearance of certain cancers. In one study, researchers observed a decrease in DNA oxidation and an increase in the antioxidant capacity of the blood in subjects who consumed 1 kiwi per day for 3 weeks. The researchers also observed that the DNA of the cells of people who consumed 500 ml (2 cups) of kiwi juice was more resistant to oxidation and, thus, to the damage that could ensue. This study demonstrated that kiwi extract was more effective than vitamin C (known for its antioxidant power) in protecting against oxidative DNA damage. This suggests that the antioxidant power of kiwi is not only due to its vitamin C content.

Cardiovascular health  

A human study demonstrated the cardioprotective potential of kiwi. The researchers observed that consuming 2 or 3 kiwis a day for about 1 month led to a decrease in platelet aggregation as well as a decrease in blood triglycerides, 2 risk factors associated with cardiovascular disease. In hyperlipidemic individuals, regular consumption of kiwis may also help improve the lipid profile (good and bad cholesterol ratio) and increase blood levels of vitamins C and E.

Fight against constipation  

Kiwi could be effective in patients with constipation disorders thanks to, among other things, its dietary fiber content.
A positive impact on healing  
A study in rats showed that kiwifruit would promote wound healing better than the application of traditional antimicrobial cream. Thanks to its ability to modulate angiogenesis and its antibacterial properties, kiwi could also be effective in the treatment of chronic ulcers, at a low cost.

Antioxidant power  

Kiwi contains many phenolic compounds, including phenolic acids, flavones (epicatechin, catechin), procyanidins and flavonols (quercetin, kaempferol). These compounds, present in plants, have antioxidant properties. They can help prevent the onset of several diseases, including certain cancers, cardiovascular diseases and various chronic diseases by neutralizing the body's free radicals.

Rich in dietary fiber

Two kiwis provide more than 5 g of fiber, or about 15% of the recommended serving daily. It is known that a diet rich in fiber, in addition to preventing constipation, can contribute to the prevention of cardiovascular disease, the control of type 2 diabetes and appetite.

A word from the nutritionist

The kiwi is one of the fruits that are easy to integrate into the daily diet, so enjoy it. It can be consumed as is, integrated into fruit salads or enjoyed as a smoothie version. For idea, one serving is equivalent to two kiwis and provides a very large amount of vitamin C and dietary fiber.

How to choose kiwis?

The kiwi is an amazing little fruit belonging to the Actinidiaceae family and native to China, where it has been consumed for more than 2000 years. In France, it is found on the shelves between the months of November and May, ideal time to enjoy its great richness in antioxidants and soft fiber.

Kiwi identity card

  • Family: Actinidiaceae;
  • Origin: China;
  • Season: November to May;
  • Color: green;
  • Flavour: sweet and tart.

The kiwi, a meat tenderizer  

To tenderize meat that is a little too tough, cover it with kiwi slices and let it "work" for 20 to 30 minutes.

Kiwi and milk, a marriage that does not always work 

Kiwi can spin milk and other dairy products, and soften other fruits due to their high actinidine content. Tip: Add it to formulas that contain milk or fruit at the time of serving only.

How to prepare kiwi

We know the whole and raw kiwi, usually eaten for dessert or at breakfast time. However, this small fruit also allows the realization of recipes as original as gourmet. Indeed, the sweet and tart taste of kiwi goes well with sweet as well as salty. Whether you prefer it raw or cooked, kiwi slips into desserts as much as into vegetable salads and other dishes in sauce.

The kiwi sweet version

  • Add it to shakes, breakfast cereals or sauces, coulis, sorbets, ice creams and yogurts;
  • In clafoutis, cakes, pies, pancakes, etc.;
  • At breakfast, serve a bowl of whole rice drizzled with orange juice and seasoned with cinnamon, with kiwi slices;
  • In the chocolate fondue;
  • Freeze kiwi slices, then dip them in melted chocolate and put them back in the freezer;
  • Tropical fruit salad. Mix slices of banana, papaya and kiwi, and drizzle with honey-sweetened orange juice.

Dare the kiwi in the salty version

  • Simply serve as a starter a few slices of kiwi with fine cheese, nuts or hazelnuts or, as a snack, with a few squares of good dark chocolate;
  • Spring salad. Mix young spinach leaves, fresh strawberries and kiwis. Top with a raspberry vinegar sauce;
  • Avocado salad. Slices of avocado, kiwi and radish, mixed with endive or radicchio leaves and seasoned with a dressing flavored with grated ginger;
  • Top a fish, seafood, meat, poultry or grilled vegetables with a sauce made of kiwi puree and lemon juice;
  • Salsa. Chop and mix kiwis, tomatillos, coriander leaves, jalapeno pepper, sweet onion and lime juice. Put to cool in the refrigerator and serve with yellow or blue corn tortillas. You can also stuff avocado halves with it;
  • Bulgur salad. Sauté mushrooms, add bulgur and water or broth and cook for about fifteen minutes. Let cool and add cabbage, cut into thin strips, minced red onion and a vinaigrette flavored with lemon zest and mint or coriander;
  • Salmon and kiwi sandwich. Split a whole wheat baguette and garnish it with smoked salmon, kiwi slices, various greens and horseradish sauce;
  • Chicken, kiwi and tomatoes for pasta. Sauté chicken pieces and set aside. Then sauté onions, garlic, red and yellow peppers, and mushrooms. Add the chicken, peeled and coarsely cut tomatoes and kiwi slices. Season with a herb of your choice (basil or oregano for example), simmer for half an hour and serve on pasta;
  • In Japan, kiwis are sometimes eaten with salt. They are also served with slices of raw scallops. Dice the kiwis and add them to a sauce made from rice vinegar, soy sauce, dashi, honey and salt. Arrange in a bowl, add the sliced scallops, and cover with diced tomatoes and cucumbers. 

Contraindications and allergies to kiwi

There are few contraindications to kiwi consumption, as it is rather excellent for health and rich in generally well-tolerated fiber. However, kiwi is a so-called "latex" fruit known to trigger allergic reactions in sensitive subjects. In the slightest doubt, it is imperative to consult a health professional.

Kiwi allergy

Kiwi is a food incriminated in oral allergy syndrome. This syndrome is an allergic reaction to certain proteins from various fruits, vegetables and nuts. It mainly affects people with pollen allergies and is almost always preceded by hay fever. Thus, when some people allergic to ragweed consume raw kiwi (cooking usually degrades allergenic proteins), an immunological reaction may occur.
These people suffer from itching and burning sensations in the mouth, lips and throat. Symptoms may appear and then disappear, usually within minutes after the person has consumed or touched the offending food. In the absence of other symptoms, this reaction is not serious and kiwi consumption does not have to be avoided systematically. However, it is recommended to consult an allergist to determine the cause of reactions to plant foods. The latter will be able to assess whether special precautions need to be taken.
Kiwi allergy seems to be more and more common and is often associated with other allergies. Indeed, several cases of cross-allergies with latex and pollen have been reported in recent years. People who are allergic to pollen or latex may demonstrate hypersensitivity to kiwi (as well as banana and avocado) and vice versa. Actinidin, a protein contained in kiwifruit, is recognized as an allergen. However, other proteins could also be involved. The reactions are diverse, ranging from urticaria to anaphylactic reactions. Certain factors that influence the process of protein digestion (such as the pH of the stomach), as well as the environment in which individuals live, could explain the differences in reactions between two people allergic to kiwi.
Given the potential severity of reactions, people with allergies to latex or pollen should be especially vigilant. It is recommended to consult an allergist to determine the cause of reactions to certain foods as well as the precautions to be taken.

History and anecdotes

The term "kiwi" did not appear in the French language until 1970. It is a New Zealand word that originally referred only to the apteryx, the emblematic bird of this country. It replaced "Chinese gooseberry", an expression by which the fruit was first known (because of the tart flavor of its pulp, similar to that of the current). In France, it has also been called a "plant mouse".
In France, the word "kiwai" is sometimes used to refer to the fruit of another species of Actinidia, but this name is rarely used elsewhere. We also speak of "summer kiwi" or "annual kiwi", but these terms are confusing, especially the second since no species of Actinidia is annual.

A bit of history

Kiwis are native to China. There, you can find all kinds of them. The smallest are the size of a grape. They also take on different colors – yellow, orange, red, and green. As for the skin, it can be smooth, hairy or covered with a thin down that is removed by simple friction.
The kiwi belongs to the genus Actinidia which includes about fifty species, all native to the mountainous regions of China. In their natural habitat, plants climb along the trunk of trees, which they sometimes cover entirely. Although the fruit has been harvested in China for more than a thousand years, it will remain virtually unknown in Europe and the United States until the mid-nineteenth century. Then, travellers will bring back seeds and establish some specimens in the botanical gardens where they will be appreciated for the beauty of their foliage.

However, it was not until the middle of the twentieth century that it began to be cultivated on a large scale, first in New Zealand, where large-fruited varieties were selected, and then in California. The fruit appeared on the shelves of our markets in the 1980s, in the wake of the new Californian cuisine.
Today, kiwi is grown in many parts of the world, with the main producing countries being Italy, New Zealand, France, Greece, Australia, the United States, Chile and Japan. Since it keeps long after harvest and is produced in both hemispheres, it is found practically year-round. In addition to selling fresh, the kiwi is transformed into jelly, jams, marinades, chutneys, ice cream, wine, and dried. Because of its richness in actinidin, an enzyme related to papain, it is sometimes used to tenderize meats. In addition, fibres are made from its leaves and trunk for the manufacture of ropes and paper.

Organic gardening

The green of the kiwi flesh comes from its richness in chlorophyll, as is the case, for example, of the tomato, before it is ripe. However, the chlorophyll of the kiwi does not degrade at the time of ripening, a relatively rare phenomenon in the small world of fruits.
It is possible, with a little luck and a few precautions, to grow hardy kiwis in the hottest regions of Quebec. They belong to a different species than those found in trade. They are preferably planted on a slope slightly inclined to the north or north of a house or building. This delays bud break and prevents the buds from being destroyed by frost.
The trunk is particularly fragile during the first years of the plant's existence. Also, in winter, it must be protected with burlap, a plastic pipe split lengthwise or any other insulating material. During the summer, it must also be protected against strong winds with a natural or artificial windbreak.
The kiwi is dioecious, that is, male flowers and female flowers grow on different feet. It is, therefore, necessary to make sure to have 1 male pollinator plant for about 8 female plants. Males and females are usually well identified in garden centers. PH: 6.0 to 6.5. Sandy soil is rich in organic matter.
The kiwi can't stand having your feet in the water. It is also the main cause of failure of its cultivation in cold regions. The soil should be enriched with compost or manure before planting. Spacing between plants: 4.5 m. During the growing season, it is important to irrigate regularly, even in wet weather.
Since it is a climbing plant, it must be provided with support. It can be climbed on an arbor or pergola, or along with metal, wires stretched between poles. Regardless of the method of guidance used, only 2 stems per foot will be kept, which will be pruned more or less according to the expansion that one wants to give to the plant. A more pronounced pruning, as is done for the vine, will allow for obtaining more fruits, but in this case, the plant will not cover as well an arbour or pergola.

The fruits of hardy varieties are the size of a grape. They should be harvested in clusters, with their tails, when they barely give way to pressure and allowed to ripen in the refrigerator or at room temperature.
Few diseases or insects attack the kiwi. Above all, care must be taken to prevent root rot by planting them in soil that drips well. On the other hand, deer appreciate leaves while cats can damage plants by rubbing or even digging them up. Protect them with metal mesh.

Ecology and environment

The majority of commercial kiwis come not only from one of the 50 botanical species listed but also from a single selected variety. This is a unique situation in agriculture. Most of the cultivated feet in New Zealand would come exclusively from two female plants and one male plant, which were brought back from China in the early twentieth century. The gene pool of cultivated kiwis would therefore be dangerously narrow.

For now, this plant, which has only recently entered field crops, remains safe from insects and diseases. However, there are fears that this situation will change rapidly. Global demand has risen from virtually zero to 1 million tonnes in just 100 years. To meet this growing demand, crops are now produced in large spaces. It is therefore urgent that new varieties be selected and that other species be used. We want to avoid an epidemic similar to the one that Europe, especially Ireland, experienced with the potato in the nineteenth century.

Did you know?

Kiwi leaves exert on cats an effect similar to that of catnip (catnip). Gardeners should therefore not be surprised if their cats or those of their neighbors regularly meet at the foot of the plants for a meeting at the top. In Chinese zoos, it is made an infusion as a sedative for felines.