A little craving from time to time doesn't hurt anyone. But, when habit takes precedence over exception, action can quickly turn into compulsive snacking and harm health. To avoid untimely and harmful cravings, appetite suppressant foods can help. How do they operate? Which ones to choose? Focus on ways to reduce your appetite in a natural way.

Appetite-suppressant foods: how do they act and what is their interest?

What is a good appetite suppressant?

An appetite suppressant often refers to a substance that reduces appetite. For it to be considered effective, two conditions must be met:

• Speed of action: an appetite suppressant aims to stop the urge to eat. For it to be effective, it must be able to take effect quickly;
• The duration of effectiveness: to prevent the appetite from returning too quickly, a good appetite suppressant acts for a sufficient period of time (several hours).

Principles of action

Whether in the form of food or supplements, an appetite suppressant acts as an appetite suppressant. Most often, it contains molecules that cause the stomach to swell. This sends back to the brain a message of satiety, even if physically, the stomach is actually not full.

Other molecules can also act in the nervous system. They act as a stimulant, increase blood pressure, and, as a result, help reduce feelings of hunger.

Finally, some substances act on serotonin by limiting its production. This hormone is known to stimulate appetite.

Does the appetite suppressant help you lose weight?

That is not its primary objective. It's more about finding a healthier and more regular eating rhythm. However, if the appetite suppressant is taken in combination with a balanced diet, it will indeed limit weight gain since it reduces cravings.

Top 10 appetite suppressant foods

1. Chocolate

No, you are not dreaming! This food rather considered a delicacy would have many properties capable of reducing the feeling of hunger. It decreases the secretion of ghrelin (hunger hormone). However, for optimal efficiency, not all chocolates are created equal. The white and milk versions are not recommended, because they are too rich in fat. On the other hand, a square of dark chocolate as a snack can help you limit your desire to eat while bringing a little taste pleasure.

See also: Proven health benefits from dark chocolate

2. Konjac

This vegetable is rich in fiber. The latter help regulate hunger by making the stomach swell. This appetite-suppressant food is also considered a good fat catcher.

3. The apple

This fruit contains pectins. They are soluble fibers that fill with water and form a viscous gel within our stomach, which helps to enhance the satiety effect. In addition, this fruit is often eaten quite slowly, which gives the brain time to assimilate the fact that the body is full.

See also: Apple cider vinegar how to use it to boost weight loss?

4. cottage cheese

No subliminal messages are sent to the brain with cottage cheese. It is actually its high protein content that allows it to meet the needs of the body. Thanks to this type of food that is both rich and limited in fat, the feeling of satiety can be quickly achieved.

See also: WHITE CHEESECAKE

5. Green tea

It fulfills the role of both appetite suppressant and fat burner. Its consumption stimulates the action of satiating hormones in our bodies. To make the most of its virtues, the best is to add a hint of lemon and drink it hot.

6. Lenses

Their high protein and fiber content makes them excellent appetite moderators. Their richness in good proteins and carbohydrates makes it possible to meet the needs of the body over time.

7. Oatmeal

This food is especially appreciated by nutritionists, who often recommend it for breakfast. This form of cereal has been the subject of various studies that have confirmed that its consumption in the morning helps reduce feelings of hunger in the hours that follow to hold more easily until lunch.

8. The lawyer

If this fruit is particularly known for its richness in fat, it is nevertheless a very good appetite suppressant, because its consumption makes it possible to limit episodic cravings between meals.

Facebook's parent company, Meta Platforms Inc, on Monday, threatened to remove news from its platform if the U.S. 

 When you first arrive in the United States, you may not know what to do with your money or who to trust. You certainly feel nervous about giving your money to a stranger in a bank.

You may have never used a bank before and are wondering why you need a bank account. This page will help you understand two of the most popular types of bank accounts. requirements for opening an account, fees, and how to manage your account balance.

In the United States, there are different types of financial institutions such as commercial banks, savings (savings and loan associations, savings banks), and credit unions. Each of these institutions has different rules and regulations and varying offerings for their clients.

One of the most popular choices is commercial banking. The Federal Reserve regulates commercial banks. If you have at least $250,000 and your bank is owned by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC), your money is protected.

Why you need a bank account

Keeping large sums of money in your house or apartment or with you is not a good idea as it can be lost or stolen. It's best to keep most of your money in a bank or credit union. Millions of Americans use banks; There are a few reasons why you should open a bank account:

• Your money is safe because federal laws protect your money from unauthorized transactions and errors.
• You can build your credit history in the United States.
• You can make bank transfers easily and securely.
• You can keep an eye on your finances.
• It's easier to receive your paycheck.
• It's also easier to pay for things by mail or online.

Types of bank accounts

You can open a savings account or a checking account.

Current accounts allow you to deposit money and pay your bills. Once you work, you can receive your paycheck as a direct deposit, meaning it will go directly from the employer to your checking account.

If you have savings or want to start saving, you can open a separate bank account. Savings accounts help you save money for the future. You can earn interest by putting money into a savings account. However, most savings accounts only allow you to withdraw money from the account a few times a month.

Opening a bank account

To open a bank account, you will need a small amount of money, usually between $25 and $100.

Before choosing a bank, you should ask your friends and family for suggestions, do some research online, read reviews and once you find a suitable bank for you, ask questions about the conditions, special fees, and benefits that the bank can provide you.

Although they may vary depending on the bank chosen, the main requirements for opening a bank account are as follows:

• Be at least 18 years old.
• Two types of photo identification such as your driver's license or passport.
• A social security number or individual taxpayer number.
• A service invoice, this document must indicate your current address.
• Provide a phone number and email address.
• If you open a joint account (an account shared with another person such as your spouse), both people must be present.

Cheques and debit cards

When you open your savings or checking account, you can get a debit card and a checkbook.

A debit card is a plastic card that allows you to get money from an ATM (ATM), a special machine that holds money. You can also use it to pay for purchases. When you use your debit card or cheque, the money goes out of your bank account.

You can also use your debit card to pay for things in stores, online, and over the phone. Be careful when using your debit card online.

In order to protect your identity, you must have a PIN (personal identification number) to use your card. You enter your PIN every time you take money from ATMs or buy something. If you lose the card or it is stolen, no one can use it unless they know the PIN.

Cheques are a form that you fill out and sign to pay for purchases. The person who receives your cheque deposits it in their bank and your bank pays them by deducting the amount from your account. You can use cheques to pay bills, such as your rent and utilities. Local businesses can also accept your cheques if they know you.

 The UN conference, COP 15, which opens this Wednesday in Canada aims to adopt a global framework to halt biodiversity loss by the end of the decade. At stake is the ambition to seal a historic agreement comparable to the Paris climate agreement.

It is a major world summit that opens this Wednesday in Montreal, Canada. Another COP, much less publicized than the annual UN high masses on climate, but just as crucial for the survival of humanity. The COP 15 on biodiversity, initially scheduled to take place in Kunming, China in 2020 but postponed several times due to the global pandemic, and finally hosted more than 12,000 kilometers away, has a major challenge: nothing less than to stop the crisis of life.

For a little less than two weeks, 196 "parties" (195 countries plus the European Union) will try to agree on an unprecedented roadmap to protect biodiversity: a global framework for the next ten years that makes it possible to halt its decline and initiate ecosystem restoration. And even go beyond, by specifying the vision for 2050 which is to "live in harmony with nature".

Even if no head of state or government has been invited by the Chinese presidency of COP 15, this major meeting raises strong hope. "We are at a COP 21 moment of biodiversity," explains Sébastien Treyer, director general of the Institute for Sustainable Development and International Relations (IDDRI), referring to the historic agreement to limit global warming signed in Paris in 2015. An ambition carried high in particular by France.

In the midst of climate COP 27 last month in Egypt, the main architects of the Paris Agreement urged countries to conclude an equally historic global agreement on nature in Montreal. With a clear message: the climate and biodiversity crises are interconnected, "the world can only achieve carbon neutrality by 2050 if it also acts now to create a nature-friendly society".

The challenge remains major, in a turbulent geopolitical context. None of the objectives set in the two previous agreements, in 2002 and 2010, have been achieved. "We lost two decades," said Véronique Andrieux, WWF's director general. This time, "failure would be a breach of the most essential duties of protection," she warns.

The executive secretary of the UN Convention on Biological Diversity, Maruma Mrema, chose to be optimistic. "Biodiversity must succeed," she says. "It is not too late", even if the world is close to "tipping points" and the erosion of life has reached "an unprecedented level in history", to the point of speaking of a sixth mass extinction.

A healthy nature

The picture drawn up by IPBES, the "IPCC of biodiversity", and by environmental associations such as WWF, is alarming: more than one million animal and plant species are now threatened with extinction, a decline of nearly 70% in vertebrate wildlife populations in less than 50 years, and more than three-quarters of the terrestrial environment and 66% of the marine environment degraded by human activity.

"We are eroding the very foundations of our economies, livelihoods, food security, health, and quality of life around the world," IPBES Chair Robert Watson said when he released a seminal report to policymakers in 2019. It has led to the beginning of awareness, especially among businesses, as more than 50% of the global economy depends on the "services" provided by nature – a healthy nature. Many are making the trip to Montreal this year as part of the world of finance.

Friction

Because "to be effective, this roadmap negotiated at COP 15 will have to involve all the actors concerned: cities, regions, local communities, indigenous populations, businesses, NGOs, trade unions, etc.", raises Julien Rochette, a specialist in international biodiversity governance. "The collective ambition must be able to be translated into individual actions. And each country will also have to develop its own trajectory. »

In Montreal, countries will have to negotiate more than twenty objectives to be met by 2030, and there are many points of friction. The preservation of 30% of land and seas is the most emblematic "target". More than a hundred countries and the EU support it. They will also have to find a consensus on reforestation, restoration of degraded environments, the fight against invasive species, and the reduction of pesticides or agroecology. The rights of indigenous peoples and the recognition of their role will also be at the heart of the discussions. The now very sensitive issue of funding from North to South will also be central. To determine the outcome of the summit.

 The American flagship city is, this year tied with Singapore, a regular of the first place of the annual ranking carried out by the British weekly "The Economist". Paris fell four places to ninth place in this ranking.

This is a first that the flagship city of the United States would probably have done well. New York has indeed become, for the first time, first in the annual ranking of the most expensive cities in the world, published this Thursday by "The Economist".

The city is now tied with Singapore, a regular in first place in this ranking. Both cities dethrone Tel Aviv, the cultural and economic heart of Israel, which dominated the ranking last year. Paris is in ninth place, ahead of Copenhagen and behind San Francisco.

A ranking biased by the soaring dollar

The upheavals in this ranking are largely linked to the global crisis and its repercussions on prices and the cost of living. "Prices soared by 8.1% on average year-on-year (in local currency) in 172 major cities around the world, the largest increase recorded in at least twenty years," says the British weekly in its 2022 report on the cost of living. These increases notably reflect the impact "of the war in Ukraine and the ongoing pandemic-related restrictions (which) are disrupting supply chains" and particularly affect "energy and food".

However, this ranking is biased by monetary effects: it is made after converting prices into dollars. However, the dollar, traditionally a safe haven in times of crisis, has strengthened strongly in recent months, to the point of causing the euro to fall to its lowest in twenty years: its rise is therefore reflected in lower prices outside the United States. American cities, therefore, climb mechanically in the ranking and three of them find themselves in the Top Ten of this ranking: New York, Los Angeles (fourth), and San Francisco (eighth).

Moscow and St. Petersburg on the rise

Moscow and St. Petersburg, which have seen their prices soar, also jump in this ranking. The Russian capital gained 88 notches to reach 37th place, under the effect of Western sanctions and a dynamic energy market that supports the ruble, notes "The Economist".

But most other European cities are slipping in the rankings as the energy crisis and weakening economies have weighed on the euro and local currencies. In France, Paris fell four places to ninth position, while Lyon fell 34 places to 90th.

Not surprisingly, the fastest price increases were for gasoline (as in 2021), which rose 22% in local currency terms in the wake of crude oil prices. But the surge in electricity, food, and basic household items has also played a role.

On the other hand, leisure prices remained subdued. This "may reflect weaker demand, as consumers focus their spending on essential goods," says The Economist, based on a survey conducted between August 16 and September 16.

 The coach, in office since July 2018, pays for the defeat against Morocco and loses his place on the bench, announced the Spanish federation Thursday.

Spain coach Luis Enrique was dismissed on Thursday (December 8th), two days after La Roja was eliminated in the knockout stages of the 2022 World Cup against Morocco on penalties, the Spanish federation announced in a statement. A few minutes later, the Federation unveiled the name of his successor: Luis de la Fuente.

"The coach has managed to give a new impetus to the national team since his arrival in 2018, thanks to a thorough renovation that has consolidated a generational change in the team and in Spanish football," the federation said of Enrique.

Seven defeats in 48 games, including two at the World Cup in Qatar

Spain, which had achieved the first 'card' of the World Cup by humiliating Costa Rica (7-0), leaves Qatar with only one victory on the counter, for a draw and two defeats. In total, under his leadership, La Roja won 27 games, drew 14 games, and lost 7. Former coach of FC Barcelona, Luis Enrique was noticed during this World Cup by creating a direct link with the fans thanks to a daily broadcast on Twitch.

Appointed head of Spain in July 2018, he had taken a break between March and November 2019 to mourn his daughter, then he lifted Spain to the semi-finals of the Euro and the final of the League of Nations. But the elimination against Morocco and the many criticisms around La Roja's sterile possession style of play led his federation to remove him from office.

To succeed him, Luis de la Fuente was appointed. At 61, he was the coach of the Spanish U19s, hopes, and the Olympic team and had even ensured an interim on a match to replace Luis Enrique, while Covid-19 had forced the Spanish team to observe isolation before playing Lithuania. Luis de la Fuente will take charge of the national team in March, during the qualifying matches for Euro 2024.

 How to attend the Paris 2024 Olympic Games? To get tickets for the different events, here is the ticketing program. Since Thursday, December 1st, it is possible to register for a draw, which will allow the lucky ones to get tickets.

The race for tickets for the Paris 2024 Olympic Games is officially on. In total, nearly 10 million tickets will be put on sale, to allow as many people as possible to attend this exceptional event. A precise timetable has been unveiled by the organizing committee (Cojo). Thus, from Thursday, December 1st, it is possible to register for the 100% digital ticket office and thus hope to be drawn and thus obtain the precious places.

The ticketing calendar for the Paris 2024 Olympic Games

Ticket sales to attend the Paris 2024 Olympic Games will be spread over several slots. During the first session, it will be possible to register for a draw to acquire ticket packs, of a minimum of 3 tickets. In a second step, single tickets will also be made available, always through a draw.

Here is the detailed schedule:

• From Thursday 1 December to 31 January 2023, registration for the draw for ticket packs 
• February 15, 2023: opening of the sale of ticket packs for those drawn at random
• From March 15 to April 15, 2023: Registration for the draw for the sale of single tickets
• May 2023: Opening of single ticket sales

Thus, once registered for the draw sessions, whether for packs or single tickets, each participant will have to wait to receive a confirmation by email. This will contain an invitation to a 48-hour sales slot, during which it will be possible to buy tickets. If you do not receive an email during the first slot, do not worry: it will always be to register for the next draw for the 2024 Olympics.

How do I get the tickets you want for the Paris 2024 Olympic Games? 

To have even more luck, it is better to take the time to register for Club Paris 2024. Indeed, club members hoping to be drawn for tickets will be granted special slots during the first 4 days of the sale (February 15,16,17,18). And rest assured, when registering for the draw, it will be possible to fill in your desires and select the sports, athletes or teams that you will most like to see. Please note that sales are limited to 30 tickets per account and 6 tickets per session (i.e. per sporting event). 

And good news, most tickets will be sold for less than 50 €, allowing as many people as possible to attend the sporting event. Also, for the Paralympic Games, which will also take place in Paris from August 28 to September 8, 2024, tickets will go on sale from autumn 2023.

 Discover 4 wellness tips that come from Japan and that will help you lose 20 pounds! Pin the image below to one of your Pinterest boards so you always have it with you if needed.

Are you tired of following dozens of diets in the year and yo-yoing? Despite all the efforts made you can not reach your ideal weight goal ...

Sometimes starting a sports activity, even intensively, is not as effective as one might think. Decreasing the amount of sugar in your diet will certainly help, but it won't be enough. What is needed is to change your approach to body care.

One of the most surprising things a Japanese could teach you about hot baths is that they have the ability to promote weight loss.

In Japan, thin women eat rice and noodles without drinking water during the meal. While in the West, women practice intense sports activity, always having a bottle of water nearby and especially avoiding carbohydrates.

If you were told that walking could give you a better chance of having a slender body than a sustained workout, you'd probably find it hard to believe.

Unfortunately, with the human body, more effort is not synonymous with weight loss. On the contrary, knowing how to rest allows you to better know your body and its needs.

In the United States, for example, most people think that the only way to keep the line is to eat grilled chicken and steamed vegetables.

Why go to such lengths if you don't prepare for a sports competition? Eating cake and indulging yourself is possible while staying healthy. Here are 4 things to incorporate into your lifestyle to stay healthy by avoiding extreme situations.

1. Reasonable sport practice

If you train like a sumo wrestler, you'll end up looking like sumo!

A sumo wrestler does not eat breakfast and spends the whole morning training intensely. Then he has lunch, takes a nap in the afternoon, and repeats the same thing in the evening.

Similarly, if you exercise intensely, you may end up eating more than you need. You will certainly gain muscle, but you will add a layer of fat as well.

Hyperventilation is a danger that should be avoided when you practice a sports activity. Keep a calm breath to let your body know that everything is fine.

2. Keep your body warm

The concept of "Food energetics" is based on the energy provided according to the seasonality of food. Foods that grow during the summer period have refreshing properties and help your body acclimatize to the heat. Foods that grow in winter like root vegetables are known to warm the body.

Raw foods are commonly considered healthy for a diet. Salads, raw vegetables, and fruit-based smoothies are all detoxifying. On the other hand, if you abuse it you will quickly feel tired.

In Asia, we consume very little raw salad, or not at all because we want to keep our bodies warm. Sautéed vegetables, broths, and works are preferred.

3. Do not drink water with meals

In the United States, the majority of restaurants will offer you ice water. In the east, it is a non-existent practice because you prefer to keep your body warm.

In addition, the water slows digestion by neutralizing the pH of stomach acidity and complicates the breakdown of food.

In Japan, most people do not drink water during meals and choose to drink soup instead. It is also very common to drink hot tea after a meal.

In the West, all diets will push you to drink large amounts of water instead of consuming more hydrating foods.

Add soups to your meals, opt for steamed bread and eliminate dehydrators like caffeine and black tea. Staying hydrated is very important, but it is more interesting to consume hydrated foods than water during the meal.

4. Take hot baths

Hot baths not only relax muscles but can also improve blood circulation. Digestion is facilitated and detoxification is done through the pores.

The Japanese are used to taking "half-baths", that is, the bath water does not extend beyond the chest when sitting in the bathtub. Water above the level of the heart can exert pressure without anyone noticing.

Temperature also plays an important role as warm water will relax you before bed and you will find later that this ritual improves the quality of your sleep.

It is certain that these tips will seem strange to you if you have always been used to losing weight by absorbing fewer calories. Nevertheless, be open-minded and try to put them into practice maybe they will be more effective than the sports program you have been testing for months without results.

 As the summer holidays are the most anticipated time of the year, you need to do your best to rest well. That's why it's very important to take care of certain tasks. Find out what to do before you go on vacation to ensure peace of mind while you're away.

What are the things to do before you go on a trip? 

Can't wait to go on a trip? Preparing the house for the holidays is a very important step. The list below will help you organize everything before you go.

Cleaning the house

There's nothing worse than coming home from vacation and having to clean up. So cleaning your house before you leave is a trick that will save you time when you return. Remember to vacuum floors, remove dust and pet hair from surfaces and change sheets. Make sure your home is spotless so you don't have to do anything (other than unpacking your belongings) when you return.

Pet accommodation

Don't forget to arrange for your pets to stay with friends or family. Or, hire a pet sitter.

Mail collection

Ask your neighbor or a friend to collect your mail while you are away. Indeed, an overflowing mailbox only shouts "we are not here"! If you can put newspaper or magazine subscriptions on hold, that's a good idea too!

Cleaning the refrigerator

Don't forget to add this task to your to-do list before you go on a trip! You don't want to go home with expired milk or moldy leftover meals. Eat or give any food that may spoil while you're away.

Anti-waste tips for food

If you can't eat all the food in your fridge, consider preparing snacks for the ride or meals you can freeze. While sorting food from your refrigerator, prepare healthy meals using the food in it, and try to use everything you can so you don't waste food. In addition, this way, you will only have to thaw meals when you return to have a good meal with your family. That's pretty cool, isn't it?

Unplugging electronic devices

Don't forget to unplug electronics before you go on vacation. Save energy and money (and avoid fire hazards) by unplugging appliances that don't need to stay on while you're away like dryers, toasters, etc.

Watering plants

Do you have a beautiful garden or indoor plants that need attention regularly? They also need to be maintained while you are away. So ask someone to come and water your plants for you.

Things to do before going on holiday: How to have your house monitored during the holidays?

 Make sure someone you trust has a duplicate of your house keys in case there is a problem and you need someone to enter your home while you're on vacation or if you lose your own keys during this time. This can be a neighbor, friend, or family member.

How to prepare for your departure on vacation? 

Finally, don't forget to check your flight, hotel, rental car, etc. reservations to make sure everything will be okay. Be aware that you can also take a screenshot of the QR code and details about your flight to avoid an annoying delay in case you do not have a network or WiFi connection.

"The COP of the decade". This is the expression used by the Sherpas of the international negotiations on COP15 Biodiversity, which is scheduled to kick off today in Montreal, Canada.

The expectation is all the greater as the event, chaired and organized this time by China, has been postponed three times since 2019, due to the Covid pandemic.

While many observers regret that the importance of COP15 was not mentioned in the final declaration of COP27 in Egypt, some were reassured by the joint declaration of the heads of state present at the last G20, on 15 and 16 November, in Bali, Indonesia. "We call on the parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity to adopt an ambitious, balanced, pragmatic, effective, robust, and transformative post-2020 strategy at COP15 in Montreal," the document states.

A belated but welcome political portage in view of the reality on the ground: according to the IPBES, the "IPCC of biodiversity", out of 8 million plant and animal species identified, 1 million of them are threatened with extinction. This observation is all the more alarming when we know that nature contributes largely to the regulation of the climate, which is already in bad shape.

So how is COP15 biodiversity decisive for the future of the planet? What are its objectives? What difficulties are in sight in the negotiations? Elements of answers.

1. This COP is as important as the climate COP

Since the Rio Summit of 1992, under the aegis of the UN, conferences of the parties (the famous "COP"), have been organized for international negotiations dedicated to various environmental themes (climate, desertification, biodiversity, etc.). If the climate COPs are the most publicized, those dealing with biodiversity, less known to the general public, are also important.

Organized under the auspices of the International Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD), the main purpose of the biodiversity COPs is to establish agreements and action plans to protect the world's natural ecosystems.

Climate change, increasing urbanization, and the industrial overexploitation of natural resources are accelerating the loss of biodiversity, both plant, and animal. These resources are essential to the survival of humanity on Earth. Especially in terms of food and health.

"This is why all COPs are interdependent. The climate crisis is fuelling the biodiversity crisis and vice versa," says Pierre Cannet, WWF France's Director of Advocacy and Campaigns.

2. Its challenge: 1 million endangered species

"Like climate, the state of biodiversity is shaped by sound science. And unfortunately, these are not good... ", warns the WWF executive.

According to the latest census conducted in 2019 by the Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (IPBES), out of 8 million plant and animal species identified, 1 million of them are threatened with extinction. Another alarming statistic: between 1970 and 2018, the average size of wild vertebrate populations declined by 69% according to WWF.

In 2010, the twenty "Aichi Targets" for 2020 were supposed to tackle the problem. These included reducing the rate of loss of natural habitats worldwide by at least half and safeguarding the biodiversity of 17% of terrestrial areas and inland waters (10% of marine and coastal areas).

"But it is clear that they have clearly not been reached. That is why COP15 is absolutely crucial. An unprecedented agreement, commensurate with the urgency, must be reached. In this sense, it could be comparable to that of COP21 for the climate in 2015," says Pierre Cannet.

3. Its stated goal is to protect 30% of land and seas by 2030

If, according to the WWF expert, "the current text, in pre-negotiation, still contains 1,500 brackets", the objectives of this framework agreement must be up to the challenge. The first of all: halting the current collapse of biodiversity and sanctuarizing 30% of the world's land and seas by 2030.

This lever of protected areas is largely pushed by scientific reference organizations, such as IPBES or IUCN (International Union for Conservation of Nature) because its effectiveness has already proven itself in the past. Some regions of the globe, endowed with gigantic reservoirs of biodiversity, such as the Amazon rainforest in South America or Africa (especially the Great Congo Basin), could see their natural areas more protected.

But defining these protected areas is far from easy. Their natural resources are intrinsically linked to the economic activity of the forestry, mining, agricultural or marine industries. The lobbies of these sectors are therefore likely to exert significant pressure at this COP in order to assert their interests.

WWF's advocacy officer in France adds two other objectives necessary for the effectiveness of this future agreement: "In addition to safeguarding nature, the final text will have to define a concrete action plan to restore natural ecosystems on the one hand, and reduce the human ecological footprint on the other. WWF is campaigning for it to fall by 50% by 2030. This will involve limiting mining, switching to more reasoned agriculture, or eating less meat. »

4. Its other objective is to develop a

"One of the reasons why the Aichi Biodiversity Targets have not been met is the lack of an effective implementation mechanism," says Pierre Cannet.

Contributions from countries in terms of reducing CO2 emissions, raising climate ambitions, transparency of negotiations, and these modalities of action have contributed to the effectiveness of the Paris Climate Agreement. "COP15 biodiversity must absolutely have this mechanism to see its roadmap respected by countries," insists Pierre Cannet.

Agreeing on a common methodology to measure biodiversity will also be crucial during this COP. According to experts, the challenge is daunting: quantifying natural ecosystems is more complex than climate. The latter has a clearer key indicator: CO2 emissions.

5. It should recommend mobilizing $700 billion

In an interview with the Canadian online media "L'actualité", Elizabeth Maruma Mrema, Executive Secretary of the CBD, recalled: "The framework of this COP seeks to find 700 billion dollars by 2030, but some studies indicate that the amount needed to preserve biodiversity is even higher."

Just like the last climate conferences, the mobilization of the new funding will also be one of the major challenges of this biodiversity COP. The subject is also giving rise to the same tensions as at COP27: developing countries, more impacted by the erosion of biodiversity than rich countries, are demanding major financial support from the latter.

"We must keep in mind that the largest reservoirs of biodiversity are located in developing countries. As long as this funding is not mobilized, these states will not be encouraged to protect their reservoirs of biodiversity," the NGO framework analyzes.

Another economic argument should underpin the negotiations of this COP: according to a World Bank report published in July 2021, "the collapse of certain ecosystem services provided by nature (wild pollination, food from marine fisheries and timber from natural forests, in particular) could reduce global gross domestic product (GDP) by $ 2.7 trillion per year by 2030".