Are you having moisture problems in the basement of your home? Has your basement become impractical due to water seeping through its walls? If nothing is done to reinforce the sealing of these, your home can suffer from the capillary rise and structural damage.






Several solutions have been developed in the field of construction to prevent or remedy this often dangerous problem. The casing is one of the most used techniques against the influence of humidity on the basement of a dwelling. Discover here all the reasons to carry out a casing in the cellar of your house.

What is casing?

How to identify a humidity problem in your cellar?

• Degradation of the coating of your walls and the floor of the room,
• The presence of water droplets on the ceiling or walls,
• The gradual appearance of saltpeter at the base of the walls,
• The presence of mold on the walls or furniture of the room,
• A persistent musty smell, despite all your attempts at deodorization,
• The appearance of halos on the walls and ceiling of the room.

What are the different types of casing?

The exterior casing

The inner casing

For living rooms

For non-habitable rooms

What are the steps of a casing?

• strip the cladding of the walls and floor of the room,
• fill holes and cracks with cement,
• lay the first layer of coating, known as hanging and whose role is to allow good adhesion of the following layers,
• apply 24 hours later, the second layer of coating to achieve continuity between the floor and the walls of the room,

 Today, the economy has become globalized. This has allowed the profession of an economist to develop and be highlighted, especially because of the economic crisis. An economist, therefore, specializes in economic issues and works for companies: he helps them make strategic decisions for the development of the company. How do you become an economist? What studies do you need to do and what are the necessary qualities?

Why become an economist?

An economist is charged with quite varied tasks. He must know how to analyze the economic situation and make diagnoses to help his employers make the best decisions. The economist has a great influence on the strategy of the company or the bank for which he works.

It makes a diagnosis in the form of an economic model that includes short- and medium-term forecasts. The study it proposes may concern trends in the global economy or its components.

An economic researcher looks at the evolution of money and interest rates as well as tax policy or household consumption.

An economist can also work within a ministry or certain institutes, such as INSEE. Some international institutions such as the IMF may also call on economists.

It is also possible to work in the private sector (bank, company, insurance company).

This will actually depend on the specialization of the economist (statistics, monetary policy, labor market, etc.).

How to become an economist?

To be able to become an economist, you have to plan for long studies. Above all, it is necessary to pass an economic and social baccalaureate and then integrate a Grande Ecole or a Faculty of Economics.

BTS or DUT

After the Bac, you can consider a BTS or a DUT. Both degrees are recognized by the State and oriented toward the study of subjects related to management, finance, and commerce.

To become an economist, you can turn to a BTS:

 support for managerial action;

• accounting and management;
• in SME management;
• in international trade;
• Sales;
• operational sales management;
• Digitalization of the relationship.

If you prefer DUTs, you can choose from the following:

• administrative and commercial management of organizations;
• marketing techniques;
• management of companies and administrations with options accounting and financial management;
• management and management of organizations;
• human resources management.

Contents

Both in BTS and DUT, you will have to deepen your knowledge and acquire skills in different areas such as:

• environmental economics;
• organizational management tools and techniques;
• labour, commercial and tax law;
• statistical analysis;
• business strategy and project management;
• operational marketing;
• human resources management and logistics management;
• production and database management;
• management control and planning;
• administrative and competition law;
• purchasing and sales management;
• marketing strategy and international trade;
• IT;
• the international economy;
• macroeconomics and microeconomics;
• the social and solidarity economy;
• business management;
• industrial economics and econometrics.

During a BTS or DUT, you will be asked to do an internship in a company.

 You can do it both in France and abroad. You can also choose a study-work path, under an apprenticeship contract or a professional contract in a host institution. This is a good way to use all the skills and knowledge acquired during your studies.

Bachelor's and Master's degrees

If you have a Bac + 2 in economics, you have the possibility to go to a Bac + 3 or a Bac + 5. If you want to do a bachelor's degree, you can opt for a bachelor's degree in economics-management, professional or not, or a diploma in a specialized school such as a business school, a management school, a school of human resources, a school of finance, an accounting school or a school of economics.

 The master's is possible after the bachelor's degree. You can obtain it in both a private and public institution, in France or abroad.

COUNSEL:

If you decide to go abroad, the courses will be given to you in English and will bring more weight to your course.

Doctorate

After a master's degree, you can opt for a Bac+8 and embark on a doctorate in a specific field of economics, finance, management, or even commerce.

 Going through a Ph.D. Will allow you to sharpen your knowledge and do in-depth research work. A doctorate lasts between 3 and 4 years.

You will be under the supervision of a thesis supervisor who should help you find a thesis topic. He will also preside over the jury for the evaluation of your research with a view to obtaining your degree. You will then become a doctor of economics.

What are the missions of an economist?

An economist plans, implements, and evaluates economic performance in a specific area. He studies economic problems for the organization in which he works.

One of its main tasks is the observation, recording, and interpretation of economic data in order to assess and anticipate trends. He also has the opportunity to make his own theories in the economic field and to have his research published in specialized journals.

 An economist may also:

• collect and acquire data;
• analyze and interpret collected data;
• study economic trends (current or past) to anticipate trends;
• analyze the effectiveness of the political and economic actions in place;
• plan and develop specific lines of action in a specific economic sector;
• provide economic advice;
• research and publish;
• teaching economics at university;
• organize seminars and participate in symposia.

The salary of a teacher-researcher will depend in part on the publications he will perform. If the economist sees his work published internationally, he will have a greater reputation than if he publishes only in France, for example. He will also earn a better living.

The renovation of a home takes into account several technical aspects such as the layout of the rooms, the choice of materials, and the planning of the work. To obtain a neat, aesthetic, and functional finish, the intervention of an interior designer is strongly recommended. This specialist in decoration and landscaping offers the best renovation solutions based on the expectations of its customers. How can this professional accompany you in your renovation project?

What does an interior designer do?

Needs assessment and realization of 3D plans

Carrying out administrative procedures

• · plans and elevations,
• · technical specifications,
• · the description of the site by trade,
• · the provisional timetable for the work.

Selection of craftsmen and follow-up of the renovation site

How to find an interior designer who meets your needs?

• · ability to estimate the cost of the work,
• · ability to manage a group or team of craftsmen,
• · sense of creativity.

The importance of communication between you and your interior designer

Work with an interior designer within your budget

Do you think that an inheritance cannot be refused? And yet, it is quite possible! Even more so if the deceased leaves you with large debts. Renouncing an inheritance is a right. However, you must explain your decision and make it known clearly. You should also know that if you renounce an inheritance, you renounce it in its entirety! Impossible to refuse one party but to accept the other! So how do you refuse an inheritance?

 The greenhouse is the gardener's ally. Plants are protected from climatic hazards. In this small building, there is a kind of microclimate, which prolongs the winter harvest and makes it possible to obtain fruits and vegetables earlier in the season. There are a number of things to consider when choosing a garden greenhouse that meets your own expectations.

Which model is right for you?

First of all, to choose the best garden greenhouse, you need to think about the model that best suits your needs. There are indeed several types.

Thus, your choice can be the traditional greenhouse. It is a fixed construction, which resembles a small house. Very bright, it can be equipped with blinds, to provide a little shade to the plants.

For its part, the tunnel greenhouse consists of large metal hoops, on which a very thin plastic film is placed. Light penetrates more, which promotes the early growth of plants. It can be equipped with a ventilation system.

Leaning against a wall, some greenhouses capture the heat of the sun better. Smaller, models are installed on a terrace or balcony. To advance the cultivation of certain vegetables, it is better to resort to a frame greenhouse, which is very small in size.

A question of temperature

Greenhouses are also distinguished by the temperature that prevails there. If you want to grow hardy plants, which are not afraid of fairly low temperatures, choose a cold greenhouse.

In this case, only solar heat, stored by the greenhouse, activates plant growth. On the other hand, the temperate greenhouse is equipped with a heating system. By keeping the ambient temperature at a certain level, it protects vulnerable plants from frost damage.

Good insulation and a thermostat system help maintain a constant temperature. Finally, the hot greenhouse, available in your online garden center, is designed for tropical plants, which only flourish in higher temperatures.

The materials of the structure

Another element to consider is the choice of materials. It is first necessary to look at the question of structures.

For the traditional greenhouse, some prefer wood, which fits better into the decor of the garden. It is also a good insulator. It is better to choose a species treated against weather and insects.

For its part, the tunnel greenhouse is provided with a metal structure. Galvanized steel is resistant and not susceptible to corrosion. As for aluminum, it is lighter and leaves more room for glazing.

What are the walls made of?

The walls of the greenhouse are sometimes coated with polycarbonate. He; It is a thin and light plastic, which stands out for its qualities of insulation and light filtration.

We can also use agricultural glass, which has the particularity of not yellowing over time. But tempered glass or polyethylene, a strong and resistant material, is also designed to dress the walls.

Greenhouse accessories

Before choosing them, it is necessary to pay attention to the regulations for the installation of a garden greenhouse. Beyond a certain surface, in fact, it is necessary to apply for planning permissions.

This precaution is taken, you can provide the greenhouse with a base, in order to tie it securely to the ground. It is often equipped with a ventilation system, by means of small windows for example. This aeration avoids overheating problems.

This is also the case for specific canvases that, during the warm season, provide welcome shade for the plants in the greenhouse. And you may have a soft spot for greenhouses equipped with an automatic watering device.

In the same way as filtration and treatment, the analysis of the above-ground pool water must be done regularly and meticulously. Moreover, this task is part of the fundamental steps of the interview. It allows you to maintain the right balance of water in order to fully enjoy swimming without risk. Discover in this article, 5 useful tips to carry out the water analysis of your above-ground pool.

Find out about the different parameters to check for the test

Follow the steps of pool water analysis to the letter

Understand the ideal values for water balance

Choose a convenient and reliable pool water tester

Manual pool water testers

Electronic pool water testers

Connected pool water testers

Test pool water at least once a week

 Diet is a good way to boost your immunity in the prevention of the flu, but also when you have caught it. What foods to eat before or during the flu? Are there miracle foods? What foods to avoid?

When the flu circulates, it is good to put all the chances on your side to escape this virus that causes chaos! Diet is an excellent way to boost immunity in prevention and curative. What are anti-flu foods? Do they really exist? What foods to eat if you have the flu? On the contrary, which ones to avoid? Advice with Dr. Corinne Chicheportiche-Ayache, the nutritionist.

What foods to eat when you have the flu?

"Once you're tired and you have the flu, you usually eat what you want," says Dr. Ayache-Chicheportiche. A good thing since 'if you listen to your body, it tells you what you need and naturally leads you to light, fresh and easily digestible foods that will give a little energy without being too heavy'. The following are preferred: 

Foods that hydrate 'especially when you have a fever to fight against dehydration mechanisms': vegetables and fruits rich in water (cucumber, zucchini, starfruit, grapefruit, lemon...).

dairy products

raw or cooked fruits and vegetables (compotes, juices, soups....)

What foods to avoid in case of flu? 

When you have the flu "you have to avoid dishes that are too fatty, too rich, and too sweet that are never pleasant in terms of digestion" answers the doctor. Flu symptoms, like those of other viruses, can cause very unpleasant digestive symptoms (nausea for example). Finally, it is recommended to avoid alcohol. Forget the famous rum grog and replace it with an alcohol-free and 100% natural version with cinnamon, lemon...

What foods to eat to prevent the flu?

Let's be clear: there are no miracle foods. Simply put, none will magically protect you from the flu virus (or other winter viruses). "Prevention should not be reduced to the plate, but to a way of life in the broadest sense," explains our interlocutor. It is important to have regular physical activity 'because it would tend to increase our immunity a little'; to reduce chronic stress 'which parasitizes our lives and produces a lot of cortisol, which could reduce and limit the reactions of the cells involved in our immunity' and to sleep enough and in good conditions 'to limit the risk of infection'. In terms of food, Dr. Chicheportiche-Ayache advises focusing on: 

• Foods rich in tryptophan: almond, banana, milk, chocolate (especially dark). Tryptophan is the metabolic precursor of melatonin, which strengthens the immune system.
• Foods naturally rich in probiotics: yogurt, pickle, kombucha, miso, sauerkraut, kefir, tempeh. "They will feed the gut microbiota that plays an important role in immunity."
• Foods with prebiotic effects: whole grains, flax seed, chia seed, cabbage, broccoli, artichoke, and onion. "They will give fiber that will feed the microorganisms of the gut microbiota." 
• Foods rich in micronutrients that promote immunity (vitamin C, D, zinc, vitamin A, and E).
• Raw and organic food products: "There is no direct link with immunity, but the body would be in better conditions" to face winter viruses.
• Foods rich in vitamin C against the flu 

In prevention or during the flu, maximize the consumption of food rich in vitamin C: "It boosts immunity and reduces the field of fatigue conducive to infections" argues the nutritionist before recalling that fruits are the first source of natural vitamin C.  It is also found in: 

• Black-currant
• Citrus fruits
• Kiwi
• Strawberries
• Pineapple
• Pepper
• Parsley
• Kale cabbage
• Broccoli

'We can also make Acerola cures whose vitamin C content is much higher than all our citrus fruits.'

Foods rich in vitamin D against the flu

"Vitamin D practically acts like a hormone and is going to have an impact on immunity. We must make sure that we do not start the winter season with an insufficiency or a deficiency, "explains our interlocutor. Among the foods rich in vitamin D to put on the menu if you have the flu (or in prevention): 

• Yolk
• Butter
• Fatty fish (salmon, sardines...)
• High-fat dairy products
• Foods rich in zinc against the flu

Zinc is a micronutrient with an important role in immunity. But "we can't store it so we need regular intakes," explains Dr. Chicheportiche-Ayache. It is mainly found in animal proteins: 

• Meat
• Poultry
• Egg
• Seafood
• Oysters

Foods rich in vitamins E and A, antioxidants

Vitamins E and A have interesting antioxidant properties in the prevention of infections, including influenza: 'The antioxidant effect will limit the impact of harmful substances on the body. It is not directly related to immunity, but it will create a less weakened ground, "details the doctor. Vitamin E is present in vegetable oils and oilseeds such as walnuts, almonds, hazelnuts, and avocados. Vitamin A is available as retinol in the livers of fish and livestock; and in the form of beta-carotene in sweet potatoes, carrots, pumpkins, dandelions, vegetable Macedonia, parsley, lettuce, and spinach.

 You probably know the virtues of baking soda, but did you know that it can also be used to clean your washing machine. This product has not finished surprising you with its properties and anti-limescale action. Here are some tips to use it well!

How does baking soda work?

The first action of this 100% natural product is to soften the water by neutralizing the effect of the limescale it contains. It is as such that it is valuable in the maintenance of your washing machine. It also cleans the tank and seals thanks to its slightly abrasive properties. It is a product that can be dedicated to the maintenance of this device to keep it longer.

What use of the washing machine?

It is perfect for scrubbing your washing machine, but also for the laundry you wash there. It is then used differently depending on the effects you are looking for.

For a weekly interview

The purpose of this regular maintenance is to avoid the formation of a scale that clogs and damages your washing machine. It is then enough to put 150 grams of baking soda directly in the bowl of the washing machine and then launch it on an economical program preferably empty.

You can also put baking soda and white vinegar that you dilute in water. This simple gesture, once a week, extends the life of your washing machine. In addition, this simple gesture also protects it from possible bad odors.

This allows you to thoroughly clean your machine. It's also a good way to regularly disinfect your machine drum. This is also good for the pipes that are thus sanitized and cleaned on a regular basis. Adopting this reflex only has positive effects.

To naturally descale your device

Baking soda has no equal to descale a machine that is invaded by limescale. You make a mixture of white vinegar and baking soda that you place in the laundry and fabric softener bin. You put it on an economic program and your machine shines. This is perfect for her, but also for your laundry which is cleaner and has an even more pleasant smell.

To clean the washing machine filter

The filter of your washing machine becomes clogged overuse. Dirt and another residue pile up and get stuck in this room. You can easily clean it with baking soda. First of all, you need to unplug your washing machine. Remove the filter as directed by the manufacturer. Pass it under warm water and with a small brush or a used toothbrush, and rub it having taken care to coat it with baking soda. Rub well, then rinse and dry before replacing it properly and plugging the machine back in.

It is quite possible to put a little baking soda during your washes, so you protect your device from tartar and you get cleaner laundry without damaging it. It also helps to remove the most rebellious spots. It replaces commercial anti-limescale products that are not necessarily good for the environment and our health.

As part of clothing cleaning

To enhance the effect of the laundry: by adding between 15 and 30 grams of baking soda to each wash, you significantly improve the degreasing power of your laundry. It should be mixed with half the dose of laundry you usually use. This saves you money on laundry and you get perfectly clean laundry. This is a habit that is good to take, especially since the bicarbonate contained in this mixture can soften the water.

Another solution: without applying the previous advice, pour the equivalent of one or two tablespoons into your washing machine each cycle. It is a method that allows you to obtain softer linen, which revives the color, and all these are thanks to the decalcifying power of this natural product.

To avoid or neutralize odors: If you notice that your washing machine is giving off bad odors, you pour one or two tablespoons of baking soda after your laundry, directly into the drum. You let it absorb odors without turning on your device. Unpleasant odors disappear as if under the effect of a deodorant. On your next wash cycle, you don't add any more since you've already done it. It thus plays its role as a fabric softener for your laundry.

 In summer, enjoying the sun is the watchword, but you have to be careful with prolonged exposure. For this, the terrace and garden should be shaded so that the whole family can relax. On the market, many solutions are offered to create shade in your relaxation areas, but also to bring charm to your exterior. If you want to protect yourself from the sun and heat, here are some trendy and especially practical terrace and garden design ideas.

Install an awning on your terrace

Also called outdoor awning or terrace awning, the awning is a stretched canvas that allows you to create shade on a terrace, a balcony, or in front of a shop. It is composed of two articulated aluminum arms, a canvas, a lambrequin, and an opening and closing system. This system can be manual, electric, or remote-controlled.

Like Osyla's products, the awning can be attached to a wall or under a roof. It is a real protection against UV rays and heat. To create a friendly outdoor space to enjoy your garden or terrace during hot periods, it is a great ally. It is found in several models, colors, and materials that adapt without difficulty to any type of architecture.

The different types of awnings

There are three main types of awnings, namely trunk, semi-chest, and traditional or monobloc models. Each of them has specific characteristics that make their advantages.

The awning chest

This model is suitable for houses without roof advances, with large terraces exposed to the weather. Indeed, the components of this awning (the canvas, the arms, and the mechanism) are protected thanks to an aluminum box.

The semi-safe awning

Unlike the trunk awning, the semi-trunk awning only protects the canvas and the motor. It is suitable for terraces exposed to bad weather with a deep advance. In addition, it is lightweight and adapts well to windy areas.

The one-piece awning

This is the classic of exterior blinds. It is sober and robust and gives your terrace a timeless and refined style. Unlike the first two models, it does not protect your canvas from the weather. For this, it is best to install it on terraces and balconies protected by a slab or roof advance.

The dimensions of the awning

For perfect protection of your terrace or garden, the area of the awning must be greater than that of the area to be covered. For this, you need to take into account its width and advance.

The widths of such equipment are between 3 and 7 meters. It is recommended to opt for a blind as wide as possible in order to have shade at any time of the day. As for the progress of the awning, it depends on its location of it. Thus, for small spaces such as the balcony, an advance of 2 m will be enough to create 1 m of shade. To cover an average terrace, an advance of 3.5 m will allow you to get about 2.5 m of shade to be able to have lunch with 6 or more.

Colours

To choose the color of your awning canvas, you must harmonize it with the style, architecture, and terrace decoration. Thus, you can opt for sober tones like black, white, gray, or beige to create a contemporary and chic style. You can also choose brighter colors such as green, blue, and red to create a warm atmosphere and give pep to your exterior.

Opt for shade sails

Generally triangular in shape, shade sails bring dynamism to the décor of a terrace. Not only do they create shade, but they let air through and protect you from the sun and light rain. In addition, they are aesthetic and adapt well to modern houses of geometric shapes.

Thus, while having a practical function, the shade sail offers a nice touch of decoration to your garden. You have the possibility to play with the colors and the attachment system to create a special atmosphere. For a discreet and airy result, you can place it, stretched horizontally. You can also place it obliquely from the top of the wall to the ground, to have an oriental and exotic décor. It can also be used as a screen.

To mount your shade sail, it is advisable to call on professionals especially if it is a large surface. Indeed, they are light and require a perfectly anchored fixing system, in order to resist the wind. However, there are openwork canvases that are much more resistant to the wind but do not protect from the rain.

Have a pergola installed in your outdoor space

The pergola is a garden or terrace structure intended to protect from the sun and bad weather. On the market, there are three types of pergolas namely: removable pergolas, freestanding pergolas, and backed pergolas. They are all options to allow you to enjoy the sun while improving the aesthetic appearance of your home.

Removable pergolas

As its name suggests, a removable pergola can be dismantled and stored when the weather does not lend itself to its use. In general, it is used occasionally to host an event in a garden or on a terrace. Thus, when buying, opt for a model with a solid and resistant steel or aluminum structure. This choice will allow you to benefit from more sustainability.

You should also pay close attention to the canvas of your pergola. It must be resistant to UV rays and waterproof to ensure better protection against the sun and rain. It can be made of PVC or acrylic which are the most recommended materials.

Self-supporting pergolas

The freestanding pergola is an independent structure that can be installed in the middle of the garden or on your terrace to create a corner of the shade. Indeed, it is equipped with 4 pillars that support it and are fixed in the ground. It gives character to your home and fits perfectly into your outdoor decoration.

To create a warm atmosphere, you can opt for wood for the construction of your pergola. On the other hand, for a cocooning or Zen space, choose an aluminum pergola.

Leaning pergolas

This type of pergola is installed against the wall of your home. The structure rests on pillars and on the facade of the house. It adapts to all kinds of buildings, whether to complete a terrace, complete a space with a swimming pool, or cover a balcony. The main thing is to have a wall on which the structure will rest.

The leaning pergola offers great flexibility in terms of size or type of roof. Indeed, its roof can be closed, opened, or with bioclimatic slats.

Equip yourself with a garden umbrella

Umbrellas are a timeless protective shelter. Composed of a canvas attached to a metal frame, they are used as an umbrella. There are four main types of umbrellas namely: tilting, deported, wall, and straight models.

The reclining parasol

This model adapts to your sun protection needs and remarkably enhances the design of your living spaces. Indeed, these umbrellas are handy and can be installed on a terrace, balcony, garden, or by the pool. They are usually round, square or rectangular in shape. Their canvas can be made of polyester, acrylic, or cotton. This umbrella has the ability to rotate 360 °, which allows you to fully enjoy your moments of relaxation without being disturbed by the sun.

The deported parasol

In general, the deported umbrella is larger than the straight umbrella. Its dimensions can go beyond 2.5 m in diameter. It is ideal for large terraces, as it covers a large area. Whatever its shape, round or rectangular, it can protect you from the sun throughout the day.

The wall parasol

If you have a small space, the wall-mounted umbrella is what you need. It attaches to the facade of a house and offers 180 ° mobility that protects you relatively from the sun. When you open the arms of the parasol, the canvas spreads offering a beautiful shaded space.

The straight parasol

It is an emblematic model indicated for tables with a central hole. Whatever its shape, it can be installed between two deckchairs for example. On the other hand, it is not very modular and not very mobile, which can make it difficult to use.

Note that to choose your umbrella, you must take into account a few elements to know: the height of the umbrella, its degree of inclination, and the surface to be covered. When it comes to height, opt for adjustable umbrellas. These can be adjusted according to your needs, unlike fixed umbrellas which are less versatile. Then pay attention to the degree of inclination of your equipment. The 360° model is ideal, as it can be adjusted according to the orientation of the sun at any time of the day.

In short, there are different solutions to protect you from the sun on your terrace or in your garden. Whether you opt for an awning, a pergola, a shade sail, and an umbrella, there is bound to be a solution that fits your outdoor space. However, they should be chosen according to the dimensions of the space to be covered and your preferences.